Introduction

Question 1

3 major functions of the kidney

Answer 1

1) Secrete wastes and foreign substances
2) Homeostasis
3) Endocrine

Question 2

What wastes and foreign substances do the kidneys secrete?

Answer 2

Wastes: urea, creatinine, and uric acid
Foreign Substances: drugs and food additives

Question 3

What are the kidney’s roles in homeostasis?

Answer 3

Regulate pH, water, and electrolyte balance

Question 4

What endocrine functions do the kidneys have

Answer 4

Secrete renin, erythropoietin, and activate Vitamin D3

Question 5

Function of Renin Secretion

Answer 5

Blood pressure regulation

Question 6

Function of Erythropoetin Secretion

Answer 6

RBC production

Question 7

Function of activating Vitamin D3

Answer 7

Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

Question 8

3 General parts of a nephron

Answer 8

Vascular, Tubular, and Combined Vascular/Tubular components

Question 9

What structures make up the vascular component of the nephron

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus, Efferent arteriole, and Peritubular capillaries

Question 10

Function of the afferent arteriole

Answer 10

To carry blood to the glomerulus

Question 11

Function of the Glomerulus

Answer 11

A group of capillaries that filter protein-free plasma into the tubular component

Question 12

Function of the Efferent arteriole

Answer 12

To carry blood away from the glomerulus

Question 13

Function of the peritubular capillaries

Answer 13

To supply the renal tissue with blood; play a role in tubular resorption and secretion

Question 14

What structures make up the tubular component of the nephron

Answer 14

Bowman’s capsule, Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, and Distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 15

Function of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 15

To collect filtered fluid from the glomerulus

Question 16

Function of the Proximal Tubule

Answer 16

Site of uncontrollable reabsorption and secretion of selected substances

Question 17

Function of the Loop of Henle

Answer 17

Establish an osmotic gradient in renal medulla that is important in the kidney’s ability to produce urine with varying concentrations

Question 18

Function of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Answer 18

Site of variable, controlled resorption of sodium and water; secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions; fluid exiting is urine

Question 19

What makes up the Combined vascular/tubular component?

Answer 19

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 20

Function of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 20

Prod. Substances involved in kidney function

Question 21

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 21

Cortical and Juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 22

What are the two regions of the kidney?

Answer 22

Cortex and the Medulla

Question 23

Where do the Cortical nephrons lie?

Answer 23

Outer cortex

Question 24

How does the Loop of Henle make contact with the cortical nephron?

Answer 24

It dips slightly into the medulla

Question 25

What do the peritubular capillaries present as in the cortical nephron?

Answer 25

Complex network woven around the tubule

Question 26

Where do the Juxtaglomerular nephron lie?

Answer 26

In the inner part of the cortex, next to the medulla

Question 27

How does the loop of Henle make contact with the juxtaglomerular nephron?

Answer 27

Its long loops plunge deep into the medulla

Question 28

What do the peritubular capillaries in the Juxtaglomerular nephron present as?

Answer 28

They form hairpin loops called vasa recta

Question 29

What are the three basic renal processes involved in urine prod.

Answer 29

Tubular Secretion, Tubular Resorption, and Glomerular Filtration

Question 30

What is Glomerular Filtration

Answer 30

Process where protein free plasma is filtered from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule

Question 31

All blood constituents except______ & ______ non-selectively enter the tubular component of the nephron

Answer 31

Plasma proteins and Blood cells

Question 32

How much glomerular filtrate is produced from a 10 kg Beagle in a minute

Answer 32

37ml (3.7 ml/kg/min)

Question 33

How much glomerular filtrate per minute and per day are produced

Answer 33

125mL per hour and 180 Liter per day

Question 34

Tubular resorption is

Answer 34

The selective movement of filtered substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries

Question 35

How much filtered substance is resorbed and excreted?

Answer 35

99% is resorbed, 1% is excreted as urine

Question 36

Tubular secretion is

Answer 36

Selective movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen

Question 37

What is the best way to measure Kidney function

Answer 37

GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

Question 38

What substance gets filtered but not resorbed nor secreted?

Answer 38

Insulin

Question 39

If 100% of insulin is not filtered out, what condition will be caused?

Answer 39

Diabetes

Question 40

What substance gets filtered and completely resorbed but not secreted?

Answer 40

Glucose

Question 41

What substance gets filtered and partially resorbed, but not secreted

Answer 41

Urea

Question 42

What substance gets filtered and secreted, but not resorbed

Answer 42

H+ Ions