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Bino Vision > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Bin

A

Two

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2
Q

Oculus

A

Eye

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3
Q

Coordinate use of BOTH eyes to produce single mental image

A

Binocular vision

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4
Q

blending of sight to form single percept

A

Fusion

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5
Q

ESSENTIALS FOR BV

A

Healthy functioning maculas
Efficiently working muscular mechanism
Efficiently working neural mechanism

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6
Q

Proper coordination of eyes and brain

A

Neuroplasticity

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7
Q

PREREQUISITES FOR BV

A

Frontally placed eyes, overlapping retinal fields.
Partial decussation of the optic nerve fibers.
Foveal region stimulate.
Corresponding or identical points.
Size of retinal images.
Efficient function of extra ocular muscles and nerves

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8
Q

Advantages of BV

A

Single vision.
Optical defects in one eye are made less obvious by the normal image of the other eye.
Enlarged field of vision.
Power to discriminate details and contours of an object is better with two eyes than with one eye alone.
Loss of one eye will not seriously handicap the individual.
Stereopsis or depth perception
Compensation of blindspot and other differences

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9
Q

At birth

A

Eyes are not associated with each other; act as two different organs

VA: not greater than 5/200; normally hyperopic

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10
Q

First sign of the development of fixation appears when the eyes follow light

A

Newborn

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11
Q

Eyes follow large objects

A

2 months

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12
Q

At 3 months:

A

Foveas are fully formed
They hold objects

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13
Q

Eyes are expected to be straight

A

3-4 months

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14
Q

6 months

A

Fixates at an object for 1-2 minutes

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15
Q

VA: 20/70

A

1 year old

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16
Q

Fusional mechanism becomes fully developed

A

1- 1 ½ year old:

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17
Q

VA: 20/20
Accommodation develops with sharpening of visual acuity

A

3 years old

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18
Q

ADDUCTION

A

movement of one eye inwards

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19
Q

movement of one eye outwards

A

ABDUCTION

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20
Q

movement of one eye upwards

A

SUPRADUCTION

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21
Q

INFRADUCTION

A

movement of one eye downwards

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22
Q

movement of one eye only

A

DUCTION

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23
Q

movement of the vertical corneal meridian of one eye outward

A

EXCYCLODUCTION

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24
Q

movement of the vertical corneal meridian of one eye inward

A

INCYCLODUCTION

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25
synchronous and symmetric movement of both eyes in the same direction
Version
26
both eyes to the right
Dextroversion
27
LEVOVERSION
both eyes to the left
28
both eyes looking upward
SUPRAVERSION/ANAVERSION/SURSUMVERSION
29
both eyes looking downward
INFRAVERSION/CATAVERSION/DEORSUMVERSION
30
both eyes to the right & up
DEXTROSUPRAVERSION
31
DEXTROINFRAVERSION
both eyes to the right & down
32
both eyes to the left & up
LEVOSUPRAVERSION
33
synchronous and symmetric movement of both eyes in the opposite direction
Vergence
34
movement of both eyes inward
CONVERGENCE
35
DIVERGENCE
movement of both eyes outward
36
POSITIVE VERTICAL DIVERGENCE
right eye turns up and left eye turns down
37
right eye turns down and left eye turns up
NEGATIVE VERTICAL DIVERGENCE
38
vertical meridians of both eyes rotate inward
INCYCLOVERGENCE/CONCLINATION
39
EXCYCLOVERGENCE/DECLINATION
vertical meridians of both eyes rotate outward
40
Position which the eyes assume when with the head erect, point straight ahead on the horizon is fixed upon.
Primary Position
41
Position in which the eyes assume when the lateral or vertical movements are involved.
Secondary Position
42
Position in which the eyes assume when it moves in a direction which is a combination of both lateral and vertical movements
Tertiary Position
43
primary muscle” or “main muscle”
Agonist
44
“opposing muscle” Muscle that opposes the action of the agonist
Antagonist
45
“helping muscle” Muscle that acts in concert with the agonist to produce a given movement
Synergist
46
points of connections of all recti muscles
Spiral of Tillaux
47
States that when a nervous impulse is sent to a muscle causing it to contract, an equal impulse goes to the contralateral synergist (yoke muscle) in order to maintain parallelism of the visual axes
HERING’S LAW OF EQUAL INNERVATION
48
States that when a muscle contracts, its direct antagonist relaxes to an equal extent, allowing movement to take place.
SHERRINGTON’S LAW OF RECIPROCAL INNERVATION
49
Binocular Vision Tests:
Pressing the eyeball Hole in the hand Prism Test Bar Reading Test Maddox Rod Phoria Test
50
End goal of pressing the eyeball:
Doubling of vision (binocular vision is present)
51
End goal of Prism Test
Diplopia (doubling of vision)
52
Make a table of the primary, secondary, and tertiary position of EOMS
53
Visual angle fields
Superior – 60 degrees Inferior – 70-75 degrees Nasal – 60 degrees Temporal – 100-110 degrees
54
Holds that if the two images of an object fall upon identical points in the retinas, the object is seen as one, but if the two images fall upon unidentical or disparate points, the object is seen as two
Doctrine of Corresponding Points
55
Normal Retinal Correspondence
Corresponding retinal points / homonymous points / identical points
56
A condition in which the two different visual direction.
Abnormal Retinal Correspondence
57
A reading matter is positioned at _____ in front of the patient’s eye, a pen is positioned _____ over the printed page, so that some of the letters are hidden from the left and other from the right eye.
40 cm/16 inches, 2-3 inches
58
Sufficient amount of prism _____ is placed before one eye to induce doubling.
6 Prism BU or BD
59
___ passing through a prism is bent towards the ____
Light, Base
60
___ looking through a prism is displaced on the ___
Eye, Apex
61
___ viewed through a prism is displaced towards the ____
Object, Apex
62
Two fields that mutually complement each other are presented
Stereoscopic Test
63
Divides the eyeball
Planes of the Eye
64
Imaginary line where movements of the eye takes place
Axes of the eye
65
24 mm Horizontal line from vertex of the cornea to posterior pole of the eye Torsional movement
Optic axis/Y axis/antero-postero/sagittal
66
22 mm Line passing through the center of rotation of the eyeball and at right angle to optic axis Vertical movement
Transverse axis/X-axis/naso-temporal
67
22mm Superior-inferior line passing through center of rotation Horizontal movement
Vertical axis/ z-axis/supero-infero axis
68
Lie the optic axis and transverse axis Divides eyeball to upper and lower portion
Horizontal Plane
69
Lie the optic axis and vertical axis Divides eyeball to right and left hemispheres
Median Plane/Sagittal
70
Lie the transverse axis and vertical axis Divides eyeball to anterior and posterior halves
Equatorial Plane/frontal
71
It is the act, condition or process of directing the eye towards the object of regard causing in a normal eye, the image of an object to be centered on the fovea
Fixation
72
Image of the real pupil found at the cornea
entrance pupil
73
Point towards which the observer directs his gaze.
object of regard
74
Point located 13.5 mm behind the cornea. All oblique axes pass and it is where the movement of eyes take place.
center of rotation
75
Line drawn from the object of regard to the center of rotation
line of sight
76
Line drawn from the object of regard to the fovea passing through the nodal point
Visual Axis
77
Line from the center of entrance pupil and passes through the center of curvature of the cornea. Line perpendicular to the cornea and passing through the center of the entrance pupil of the eye
pupillary axis
78
An imaginary straight line passing through the midpoint of the cornea (anterior pole) and the midpoint of the retina (posterior pole)
optic axis
79
Angle formed by the intersection pupillary axis and the visual axis
angle kappa
80
Angle formed by the intersection of the pupillary axis and the line of sight.
angle lambda
81
Angle formed by the visual and optic axes at the nodal point.
angle alpha
82
Angle formed by the intersection of the optic axis and the line of sight at the center of rotation (formed behind)
angle gamma
83
Line connecting the centers of rotation of both eyes
baseline
84
Plane which includes both the object of regard and baseline.
plane of regard
85
Line in the primary position of the plane of regard which bisects the baseline
primary sagittal line
86
Plane tangent to the chin and the two super-ciliary ridges.
face plane

Bino Vision (3 decks)

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