Introduction

Question 1

A free neutron will transform into a __, an __, and a __ with about half of any collection of free neutrons transforming every __

Answer 1

proton
electron
antineutron
10.3 min

Question 2

Transformation causing a loss of certain material is called

Answer 2

Decay

Question 3

In the case of free neutrons transformation, the products of decay include energetic subatomic particles. This process is called

Answer 3

Radioactive decay

Question 4

Created about 13.82 +- 0.12 billion years ago in the first 3 min of the universe’s life. Where can they be found?

Answer 4

Deuterons
Deuterium or heavy hydrogen

Question 5

Chemicals needed for life in early universe

Answer 5

Gas, dust, and rock

Question 6

When one atom holds one or more extra electrons to itself or releases one or more electrons to its neighbors.

Answer 6

It will become ionized

Question 7

The force that holds oppositely charged ions

Answer 7

Coulombic

Question 8

Liquid
Solid
Gas

Answer 8

> it flows under shearing (break) force

> can sustain a shear statically

> weak intermolecular force that cannot keep material localized against thermal outward pressure

Question 9

when valence electrons are localized, but become delocalized by a weak electric field (solid)

Answer 9

Semiconductor

Question 10

The net charge within volumes larger than the positive/negative atom approaches zero as the volume increases

Answer 10

Ionic

Question 11

material is in a gas phase with delocalized electrons as a sea around positive ions

Answer 11

plasma

Question 12

It can serve as a good solvent on planets at an average surface temperature below -33 celsius. Also strongly polar

Answer 12

Liquid ammonia

Question 13

If the mixture in a fluid is also a fluid

Answer 13

Miscible

Question 14

Mixed particles with much less than four thousand angstroms

Answer 14

Homogeneous

Question 15

Mixed particles bigger than a few hundred angstroms

Answer 15

Heterogeneous

Question 16

A homogeneous mixture containing much larger than the background fluid particles, but small enough to remain dispersed over time (cloudy)

Answer 16

Colloid

Question 17

The mixture in fluid with dispersed particles large enough to settle under the influence of the earth’s gravity, if the setting is incomplete

Answer 17

Suspension

Question 18

The protoplasm within living cells can convert between these two kinds of colloids

Answer 18

Sol( can’t hold shape, Dliquid) and gel (can hold shape, Dsolid)

Question 19

2 possible states of colloids

Answer 19

Lyophilic (forms liquid sol easily) and lyophobic (doesn’t)

Question 20

A polymer of two globular proteins that helps biological cells maintain the intracellular structure

Answer 20

Microtubules

Question 21

Takes advantage of the varying densities of components in a mixture

Answer 21

Gravitational seperation

Question 22

it can separate various nano-and microscale particles in solutions through the acceleration of gravity

Answer 22

Centrifuge

Question 23

concentrates low vapor pressure dissolved materials from a volatile solution, and when dissolved materials are so concentrated, it can form cyrstals

Answer 23

Evaporation

Question 24

an analysis tool that separates substances by diffusion according to their affinity for a particular solvent.

Answer 24

Chromatography

Question 25

Used to remove colloidal particles such as dust, smoke, or oil mist from air

Answer 25

Electrostatic precipitators

Question 26

Capable of separating atoms and molecules according to their mass

Answer 26

Mass spectrometer