Introduction Flashcards
who proposed the law of specific nerve energies?
johannes peter muller in 1835
what does the law of specific nerve energies state?
that perception of a stimulus is not dependent on the quality of the sense itselfs, but rather the pathway that drives sensation
what happened when an electrode was inserted into the visual cortex of a cat?
researchers could hear electrical impulses from electrodes as they were converted into sound signals
in the cat visual cortex study, they saw that the neurons only responded in ____, their ______.
certain places, receptive field.
each ____ is like a letter in the alphabet….
action potential, different APs can arrange in different sequences to encode for different things (e.g. make different words)
the _____ sets the ionic gradients in the cell, pumping _____
Na+/K+ ATPase, 3 Na+ out for every 2K+ in.
equilibrium potential:
the potential at which there is no net movement of an ion across the membrane.
-> A result of both concentration and electrical gradients.
steady state
when the net inward current = the net outward current.
what is steady state achieved by?
the action of K+, Na+, and Cl- but dominated by Na+ channels.
____ and ____ attract each other ___ times stronger electrically than gravitationally.
electrons and protons, 10^40
work required to move an ion in an electric field:
We=(zF)V
what is V, Z, F?
Voltage = electric potential energy per unit charge (Joules per Coulomb, aka volts)
Z = valence of the ion (mass)
F = Faraday’s constant (96, 485 C/mol); the charge of one mole of electrons.
work required to change the concentration of a certain neuron is given by….
what is the nernst equation used for?
to determine the potential that will be reached at certain concentrations.
what is the nernst equation at 37 degrees?
