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integumentary system > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

1
Q

includes the skin and its
accessory structures
including hair, nails, and
glands, as well as blood
vessels, muscles and
nerves

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

is the medical specialty for the
diagnosis and treatment of
disorders of the integumentary system

A

dermatology

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3
Q

covers the
body and is the largest
organ of the body by
surface area and weight

A

cutaneous membrane or skin

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4
Q

weighs _-_kg about 16% of the body

A

4.5-5kg

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5
Q

thinnest skin

A

eyelids

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6
Q

thickest skin

A

soles

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7
Q

the average thickness is?

A

1-2mm

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8
Q

outer, thinner layer called the ___
consists of epithelial tissue

A

epidermis

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9
Q

inner, thicker layer called the

A

dermis

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10
Q

Beneath the dermis

A

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

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11
Q

composed of
keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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12
Q

4 cells of the skin

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkels cells

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13
Q

90% produce keratin
which is a tough fibrous
protein that provides
protection

A

keratinocytes

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14
Q

produce the pigment
melanin that protects
against damage by
ultraviolet radiation

A

melanocytes

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15
Q

involved in immune
responses, arise from
red bone marrow

A

langerhans cell

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16
Q

function in the
sensation of touch
along with the
adjacent tactile discs

A

merkel cells

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17
Q

where continuous cell division
occurs which produces all the other layers

A

stratum basale or start germinativum

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18
Q

where continuous cell division
occurs which produces all the other layers

A

stratum basale or start germinativum

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19
Q

8-10 layers of keratinocytes

A

stratum spinosum

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20
Q

which includes
keratohyalin and lamellar granules

A

stratum granulosum

21
Q

is present only in thick skin (the
skin of the fingertips, palms, and soles)

A

stratum lucidum

22
Q

composed of many sublayers
of flat, dead keratinocytes (constant friction can stimulate formation of a callus).

A

stratum corneum

23
Q

the
accumulation of
more and more
protective keratin,
occurs as cells move from the deepest
layer to the surface
layer

A

keratinization

24
Q

an
excess of
keratinized cells
shed from the scalp

A

dandruff

25
Q

is composed of
connective tissue
containing collagen
and elastic fibers

A

dermis

26
Q

contains
collagen and elastic
fibers

A

papillary region

27
Q

includes touch
sensors and free nerve endings

A

dermal papillae

28
Q

consists of
collagen and
elastic fibers,
adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves,
sebaceous (oil)
glands, and
sudoriferous
(sweat) glands

A

reticular region

29
Q

“tension lines” in the skin
indicate the predominant
direction of underlying
collagen fibers

A

lines of cleavage

30
Q

reflect
contours of the underlying
dermal papillae and form
the basis for fingerprints
(and footprints);

A

epidemal ridges

31
Q

their
function is to increase
firmness of grip by
increasing friction.

A

epidermal ridges

32
Q

attaches the skin to
the underlying
tissues and organs

A

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

33
Q

three pigments

A

melanin,
carotene, and hemoglobin

34
Q

a yellow-red or brown-black pigment
produced by melanocytes (located mostly in the
epidermis, where it absorbs UV radiation)

A

melanin

35
Q

A benign localized overgrowth of
melanocytes is a

A

mole

36
Q

an inherited inability to
produce melanin

A

albinism

37
Q

a condition in which there
is a partial or complete loss of
melanocytes from patches of skin

A

vitiligo

38
Q

yellow-orange pigment
(found in the stratum corneum,
dermis, and subcutaneous layer)

A

carotene

39
Q

produced in blood cells

A

hemoglobin

40
Q

what are the functions of hair

A

protection
 reduction of heat loss
 sensing light touch

41
Q

mostly projects above the
surface of the skin

A

hair shaft

42
Q

penetrates into the dermis

A

root

43
Q

what are the types of hair

A

lanugo, vellus hairs and terminal hairs

44
Q

is determined by the amount and
type of melanin

A

hair color

45
Q

are connected to
hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands

46
Q

is very fine, soft,
and usually unpigmented,
downy hair on the body of
a fetus or newborn baby.

A

lanugo

47
Q

is short, fine, light-colored, and
barely noticeable hair that develops on most of
a person’s body from his/her childhood.

A

vellus hair

48
Q

are thick, long, and dark, as
compared with vellus hair.

A

terminal hair

integumentary system (2 decks)

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