introduction Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Selective and Differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.
A
Xylose-Lysine-Deoxychocolate (XLD) Agar
2
Q
Selective for Yersinia spp
• Indicators: Neutral red and crystal violet
A
Cefsulodin-irgasan novobiocin (CIN) agar
3
Q
Isolation of C. diphtheriae
• Produces dark grey to black colonies
A
Cystine-tellurite blood agar
4
Q
Isolation and growth of Corynebacterium
spp
A
Lowe Medium
5
Q
For the selection and differentiation of
E. coli O157:H7 in stool specimens
A
McConkey Sorbitol Agar
6
Q
Selective differentiation of staphylococci
• Inhibitor: 7.5% Salt
A
Mannitol Salt Agar
7
Q
Enrichment and selective medium for
isolation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis.
A
Regan Lowe
8
Q
Enrichment and Isolation of Salmonella Spp.
A
Selenite Broth
9
Q
Selective for Campylobacter spp.
A
Skirrow Agar
10
Q
Selective for Campylobacter spp.
A
Skirrow Agar
11
Q
Selective for Streptococcus pyogenes
and Streptococcus agalactiae
A
Streptococcal Selective agar
12
Q
Selective and differential for Vibrio
cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• Indicators: Bromothymol blue/ Thymol
blue
A
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts agar
13
Q
Selection and enrichment for
S. agalactiae in female genital specimens
A
Todd Newith Broth
14
Q
Isolation medium for C. difficile
A
Cycloserine Cefoxitine Fructose Agar
15
Q
single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms which multiply through Binary Fussion
A
Bacteria
16
Q
single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms which multiply through Binary Fussion
A
Bacteria
17
Q
Size of the Bacteria
A
0.5 - 1 in with
1 - 3 in length (but 0.4 - 2 in length in some books)
18
Q
Ovoid Bacteria
A
Coccibacilli
19
Q
Rod-Shape Bacteria
A
Bacilli
20
Q
Spirochetes Bacteria
A
Spiral
21
Q
The naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines.
A
Nomenclature
22
Q
Microorganisms are named based on:
A
o Scientist who discovered
o Disease they cause
o Where the organism was first isolated
23
Q
The process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated.
A
Identification
24
Q
Microorganisms can be identified based on their:
A
Biochemical Activities
25
Protect against Mechanical Disruption of the Cell and offers barrier to the passage of larger substances
Cell Wall
26
Protect against Mechanical Disruption of the Cell and offers barrier to the passage of larger substances
Cell Wall
27
The thickness of Cell wall is the Basis of __________
Gram Stain
28
Technoic Acic & Lipoteichnoic Acid are:
Gram Positive
29
Technoic Acic & Lipoteichnoic Acid are:
Gram Positive
30
Lipoprotein & Lipopolysaccharide are:
Gram Negative
31
• Serves an anchorage for flagella
• Its synthesis and structure are often the primary target for the development and design of several antimicrobial agents.
Cell Wall
32
Bacterial with ni Cell Wall
- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
33
Bacterial with ni Cell Wall
- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
34
Complex structures, mostly composed of the protein FLAGELLIN, that are intricately embedded in the cell envelope
- It is also the responsible for the MOTILITY of Bacteria
Flagella
35
Absence of Flagella
Atrichous
36
Single flagella at one end
Monotrichous
37
single flagellum at both ends
Amphitrichous
38
Group of flagella at one End
lopotrichous
39
Group of flagella at one End
lopotrichous
40
Entire surface is covered with flagella
Peritrichous
41
entire surface is covered with flagella
Peritrichous
42
Hairlike, proteinaceous structures that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment; up to 2 μm long
Pili or Fimbriae
43
serve as adhesins that help bacteria
attach to the host cell
Common Pili
44
passage of DNA (conjugation)
Sex Pili
45
Example of Bacteria with PILI
- Neiserria
- Pseudomonas
46
Immediately exterior to the murein layer of gram-positive bacteria and the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
Capsule
47
Capsule is a Phagocytoc, Slimy are surrounding cell wall
TRUE OR FALSE?
False. It is Antiphagocytic & Slimy
48
Protects bacteria from attack by components of the human immune system
CAPSULE
49
The capsule also facilitates and maintains bacterial colonization of
biologic (e.g., teeth) and inanimate (e.g., prosthetic heart valves)
surfaces through the formation of ____________ or ___________
Slime Layers or Biofilm
50
The capsule also facilitates and maintains bacterial colonization of
biologic (e.g., teeth) and inanimate (e.g., prosthetic heart valves)
surfaces through the formation of ____________ or ___________
Slime Layers or Biofilm
51
Capsular Swelling Test:
Neufeld Queling Test
52
Bacterial structures that resist extreme environmental condition
Spores / Endospores
53
Spores has ________ which is the factor why it can resist heat
Calcium Dipicolinate
54
Bacteria that has CAPSULE which made of Polysaccharide
Kiebsiella Pneumonae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Neisseria Meningitis
55
Bacteria that has CAPSULE that is made with D-Glutamate
D. Anthracis
56
Target of Sterilization
Spores / Endospores
57
Spores are u adverse physical and chemical conditions or when nutrients are scarce, some bacterial genera (__________________) are able to form spores.
Bacillus (Aerobic)
Clostridium (Anaerobic)
58
• Also known as volutin granules or polyphosphate granules
• Intracellular storage inclusions found in certain bacteria and other microorganisms
Metachromic Granules
59
Much granules
M. tuberculosis
60
Babes Ernst Granules
C. Diptheriae
61
Sulfure Granules
- Actinomyces
- Nocardia
62
Bipolar Bodies
- Yersinia
- Pasteurella
- Brucella
63
Staining that used for Metachromic Granules which have safety pin appearance
Wayson's Stain
64
• Circular double-stranded naked DNA
• Bacterial structure where the chromosome is located
Nucleoloid
65
• Antibiotic resistance structure
• Extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA
Plasmid
66
ACCORDING TO CARBON SOURCE:
they use CO2 as the sole source of carbon
Autotroph
67
ACCORDING TO CARBON SOURCE:
they used reduced, preformed organic
molecules from other bacteria
Heterotroph
68
AS TO ENERGY SOURCE:
uses light as energy source
Phototroph
69
AS TO ENERGY SOURCE:
uses the energy produced by the oxidation of
organic or inorganic compounds
CHEMOTROPH
70
ACCORDING TO ELECTRON SOURCE:
- from reduced inorganic molecules
LITHOTROPH
71
they require organix molecules (CHO, CHON, lipids) for growth and multiplication; all bacteria that inhabit the human body fall into this group.
ORGANOTROPH
72
most gram positive are:
chemoheterorganotrophs
73
most gram negative are:
photoautolitotrophs
74
require oxygen for growth
OBLIGATE AEROBE
75
Example of Obligate Aerobe
- Mycobacterium
- Pseudomonas
- Bacillus
76
cannot grow in the presence of oxygen
OBLIGATE ANAEROBE
77
Example of Obligate Anaerobe
- Actinomyces
- Bacteroides
- Clostridium
78
can live with presence or absence of
oxygen
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
79
example of Facultative Anaerobe
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- E. Coli
- Shigella
80
can grow in the presence of oxygen, but grow best in an anaerobic environment
AEROTOLERANT
81
Example of Aerotolerant
- Lactobacillus
- S. Pyogenes
82
grow in a reduced level of oxygen ( 2-10% O2)
MICROAEROPHILIC
83
Example of Microaerophilic
- Campylobacter
- Helicobacter
- T. pallidum
84
most bacteria grow well at pH 7.0 - 7.5
NEUTROPHILE
85
grows at an acidic pH
Ex. (Lactobacillus acidophilus)
Acidophile
86
grows at an alkaline pH
Ex. (Vibrio)
Alkalophile
87
grows well at 0—15ºC
Ex. Listeria monocytogenes
Yersinia enterocolitica
PSYCHROPHILIC (CRYOPHILIC)
88
grows 20—45ºC
Ex. Escherichia coli
Mesophilic
89
grows at 50—125ºC
Ex. Bacillus stearothermophilus
Thermus aquaticu
thermophilic
90
require concentrations of 5-10% CO2
for optimal growth
EX. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhea
CAPNOPHILIC
91
require increased concentration of NaCl (salt)
Enterococcus spp. - 6.5% NaCl
Staphylococcus aureus - 7.5% NaCl
Most of Vibrio spp.— 8% NaCl
HALOPHILIC
92
rejuvinance
initial phase
bacteria is adapting & adjusting
increase cell size
LAG PHASE
93
- rapid exponential growth
- increase growth rate
- increase bacterial cell number
- suceptible to antibiotics
- best phase to test anti suceptible testing
LOG PHASE
94
- no net growth
- the number of living and death cells are equal
- start to produce spores
- PLATEAU (Stationary Phase)
95
MEANING OF MALDITOF - MS in AUTOMATED INDENTIFICATION
Matrix assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
96
movement of non-motile organisms caused by the movement of molecules surrounding them. This is not true motility
Brownian Motility
97
process of artificially coloring the organism with dyes/stains
Staining
98
SIMPLE STAINING
Methylene Blue
99
INDIRECT/ RELIEF/ NEGATIVE
Indin Ink, Nigrosin
100
Staining for Capsule
Hiss, Anthony’s
101
Staining for Endospores
Dorner’s, Schaeffer—Fulton, Wirtz—Conklin
102
Stain for Flagella
Gray’s, Fisher and Conn, Leifson
103
Stain for Metachromatic Granules
Albert’s, Neisser’s, Ljubinsky, Ponder,
LAMB (Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue)
104
Stain for Spirochetes
Levaditi, Silver impregnation, Warthin—Starry, Fontana Tribondeau
105
Stain for DNA
Acridine orange, Feulgen
106
Stain for DNA
Acridine orange, Feulgen
107
Stain for Bipolar bodies
Wyson
108
Stain for Ricketssia
Macchiavelo, Gimenez
109
Stain for B. Anthracis
Mcfayden
110
Stain for H. pylori
Toluidine blue
111
Stain for H. pylori
Toluidine blue
112
Stain for Mycoplasma
Dienes
113
Stain for Legionella
Dieter Silver Stain
114
Stain for Corynebacterium
bismark brown
115
Counterstain for Gram Stain
Safranin
116
Primary Stain for Ziehl-Neelsen Method
Carbol fuchsin
117
Mordant for Kinyoun Method
Tergitol
118
All spiral organism are ____________
Gram Negative
119
All yeasts are ____________
Gram Positive
120
Not gram stained:
Ricketssiae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma
121
Staining Method used for Mycobacterium
Acid Fast Stain
122
To differentiate M. smegmatis/ M. lacticola (blue) from M. tuberculosis (red)
PAPPENHEIM'S
123
To differentiate M. leprae (blue) from M. tuberculosis (red)
BAUMGARTEN'S
124
For M. leprae: uses hematoxylin
as counterstain
Fite Faraco
125
Uses Auramine - Rhodamine Dye
• No mordant
• Uses 0.5% acid alcohol as Decolirization
• 0.5% Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as Counterstain
• Result: Yellow against Black Background
FLUOROCHROME STAIN
126
medium that contains all nutritional requirements to support bacterial
growth
Culture Media
127
organisms which have grown on media
Culture
128
contain specific nutrients required for the growth of
particular bacterial pathogens;
—to support growth of fastidious organisms
Enrichment Media
129
contain nutrients that support growth of most non- fastidious organisms without giving any particular organism a growth
advantage
Nutritive Media
130
promotes the growth of the desired organism while inhibiting the growth of others; contains inhibitors (i.e., antibiotics, dyes, bile salts)
Selective Media
131
used to differentiate organisms growing together
Differential Media
132
used to maintain viability of organisms during specimen transport
Transport Media
133
What is Mueller-Hinton Agar
Media for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
134
Most bacteriology specimens are inoculated to ____________ plates, because this medium supports growth for all but the most fastidious clinically significant bacteria.
Blood Agar
135
Enriched agar that is essentially the same as BA except that during preparation the red blood cells are LYSED when added to molten agar base
Chocolate Agar
136
Nutritionally rich formula containing three peptone sources and 5% defibrinated sheep blood.
COLUMBIA COLISTIN-NALIDIXIC ACID
137
disrupts the cell membranes of GN organisms
CYSTINE
138
blocks DNA replication in susceptible
organisms
Nalidixic Acid
139
Used as a primary selective and differential agar.
Eosin Methylene Blue
140
contains bile salts and dyes (bromothymol and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic GN bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract while allowing Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. to grow.
Hektoen Enteric Agar
141
Indicator of Hektoen Enteric Agar
Ferric Ammonium Citrate
142
Frequently used as the primary selective and differential agar for the isolation and differentiation of GN bacilli.
MacConkey Agar
143
An enrichment and selective medium for the isolation of Neisseria
Modified Thayer Martin Agar
144
The enrichment portion of the MTMA includes peptone starch, amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, and the chocolatized blood, and the addition of ____________ provides a selective capacity.
Antibiotics
145
The glucose and agar concentrations are LOWER than the original
Thayer-Martin agar, which improves growth of the _____________ organisms.
Fastidious Organisms
146
Semi-solid media most frequently used in diagnostic bacteriology
THIOGLYCOLLATE BROTH
147
acts as a reducing agent to create an
anaerobic environment deeper in the tube, allowing anaerobic
bacteria to grow.
Thioglycolic Acid
148
acts as a reducing agent to create an
anaerobic environment deeper in the tube, allowing anaerobic
bacteria to grow.
Thioglycolic Acid
149
Thioglycollate Broth Contains _______________ to prevent convection currents from
carrying atmospheric oxygen throughout the broth.
0.075% Agar
150
As with HEA, _______________agar is selective and
differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.
• The salt, sodium deoxycholate, inhibits many GN bacilli that are not
enteric pathogens and inhibits gram
Xylose - Lysine - Deoxychocolate Agar
151
Inhibitor of XLD
Sodium Deoxychocolate
152
Inhibitor of XLD
Sodium Deoxychocolate
