INTRODUCTION

Question 1

defined as the resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

defined as the study of a host’s reaction when foreign substances are introduced into the body

Answer 2

Immunology

Question 3

diagnostic examination of blood serum and other bodily fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogens

Answer 3

serology

Question 4

phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent

Answer 4

cross immunity

Question 5

where did small pox originate from?

Answer 5

cow pox

Question 6

substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody

Answer 6

Antigens

Question 7

Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.

Answer 7

Immunogen

Question 8

a low-molecular-weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an
antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen.

Answer 8

Hapten

Question 9

glycoprotein substance (immunoglobulin) that is produced by B lymphocytes
in response to an antigen.

Answer 9

Antibody

Question 10

derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a
single class of immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus.

Answer 10

Monoclonal antibody

Question 11

produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many Bcell clones in response to an antigen

Answer 11

polyclonal antibodies

Question 12

Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species

Answer 12

heteroantibodies

Question 13

other name for heteroantibodies

Answer 13

xenoantibodies

Question 14

formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species

Answer 14

alloantibodies

Question 15

produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens

Answer 15

Autoantibodies

Question 16

part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor

Answer 16

epitope

Question 17

the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the
antigens

Answer 17

agglutination

Question 18

is the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule

Answer 18

affinity

Question 19

strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody.

Answer 19

avidity

Question 20

smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected

Answer 20

sensitivity

Question 21

ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary
determinants and not to an antigen with dissimilar determinants.

Answer 21

specificity

Question 22

group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.

Answer 22

complement

Question 23

A small peptide formed during complement activation that causes
increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

Answer 23

anaphylatoxins

Question 24

A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine

Answer 24

Anaphylaxis

Question 25

father of immunology

Answer 25

Louis Pasteur

Question 26

who discovered the smallpox vaccination

Answer 26

Edward Jenner

Question 27

when did Edward Jenner discove the smallpox vaccination

Answer 27

1798

Question 28

who discovered Phagocytosis

Answer 28

Haeckel

Question 29

When did Haeckel discover Phagocytosis

Answer 29

1862

Question 30

who discovered live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

Answer 30

Louis Pasteur

Question 31

when did Louis Pasteur discover Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

Answer 31

1880-1881

Question 32

who discovered Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Answer 32

Metchnikoff

Question 33

When did Metchnikoff discover Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Answer 33

1883-1905

Question 34

Who discovered Therapeutic vaccination First report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

Answer 34

Louis Pasteur

Question 35

When did Louis Pasteur discover the Therapeutic vaccination First report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

Answer 35

1885

Question 36

Humoral theory of immunity proposed by

Answer 36

Von Behring, Kitasata

Question 37

Demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Answer 37

Koch

Question 38

when was the Humoral theory of immunity proposed ?

Answer 38

1890

Question 39

when was the Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Answer 39

1891

Question 40

Antibody formation theory

Answer 40

Ehrlich - 1900

Question 41

Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

Answer 41

Portier, Ritchet - 1902

Question 42

Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

Answer 42

Arthus - 1903

Question 43

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding

Answer 43

Marrack - 1938

Question 44

Hypothesis of allograft rejection

Answer 44

1944

Question 45

Development of polio vaccine

Answer 45

Salk, Sabin - 1949

Question 46

Vaccine against yellow fever

Answer 46

Reed - 1951

Question 47

Graft-versus-host reaction

Answer 47

1953

Question 48

Clonal selection theory

Answer 48

Burnet - 1957

Question 49

Interfernon

Answer 49

1957

Question 50

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs)

Answer 50

1958-1962

Question 51

T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response

Answer 51

1964-1968

Question 52

Identification of antibody molecule

Answer 52

1972

Question 53

First monoclonal antibodies

Answer 53

Kohler - 1975

Question 54

Identification of genes for T cell receptor

Answer 54

1985-1987

Question 55

Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

Answer 55

1986

Question 56

Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function

Answer 56

Mosmann - 1986

Question 57

Identification of toll-like receptors

Answer 57

1996-1998

Question 58

FOXP3, the gene directing regulatory T cell development

Answer 58

2001

Question 59

Development of human papillomavirus vaccine

Answer 59

Frazer - 2005

Question 60

Can only react with 1 type of Ag and is tested using mouse/mice

Answer 60

Monoclonal antisera

Question 61

Example of complete Ag in a hapten

Answer 61

Catechol + skin (containing CHON) = complete Ag

Question 62

More foreign Ag the greater the immune response produced

Answer 62

Foreigness

Question 63

Specifically bind to Abs or a cell surface receptors of B cells and T cells

Answer 63

Antigen

Question 64

Can either be immunogenic or non - immunogenic

Answer 64

Ag

Question 65

Not all are immunogens

Answer 65

Ag

Question 66

Can be either proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or nucleic acids

Answer 66

Ag

Question 67

Capable of inducing a response

Answer 67

Immunogen

Question 68

T/F all all antigen are immunogens

Answer 68

T

Question 69

Normally all are proteins

Answer 69

Immunogen

Question 70

Humoral theory of immunity

Answer 70

Emil Von Behring

Question 71

Anaphylatoxins causes

Answer 71

- increased vascular permeability - contraction of smooth muscles - release of histamine

Question 72

first writings of immune status was recorded by

Answer 72

thucydides

Question 73

when did Thucydides record the first immune status in Athens during the bubonic plague take place

Answer 73

430 BC

Question 74

when was variolation done by the chinese

Answer 74

1500s

Question 75

inhalation of powder made from small pox scabs

Answer 75

variolation

Question 76

small incisions is created and small pox scabs is inserted

Answer 76

Lady montagu

Question 77

koch bacillus

Answer 77

MTB