Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
Disease caused by infectious agent (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi)
that is transferred to a susceptible host
A
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
2
Q
Disease caused by ________ (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi)
that is transferred to a ________
A
- infectious agent
- susceptible host
3
Q
Infectious agents
A
bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, parasites
4
Q
who could be a susceptible host?
A
- weak resistance
- immunocompromised
5
Q
who are the immunocompromised patients?
A
- pt with anemia
- leukemia
- HIV/AIDs
- pt who is taking corticosteroids
- pt who has bone marrow depression
6
Q
what is corticosteroids?
A
immunosuppressant
7
Q
entry of microorganism in the body
A
infection
8
Q
infection will ____
A
proliferate
9
Q
infection: ______ & _______ of microorganisms
A
growth and multiplication
10
Q
easily infect others
A
contagious
11
Q
contagious: it can easily be transmitted to _____
A
another person
12
Q
example of contagious
A
TB, COVID19
13
Q
could not easily infect others
A
infection
14
Q
infectious needs ___
A
vector
15
Q
example of infectious
A
dengue, malaria, typhoid fever
16
Q
presence of infection in the body
A
sepsis
17
Q
Asepsis is the ____ of infection in the body
A
absence
18
Q
presence of infection in the blood
A
septicemia
19
Q
clean technique
example: hand washing
A
medical asepsis
20
Q
sterile technique
example: surgical hand washing
A
surgical asepsis
21
Q
what is transient flora?
A
temporary microorganisms in the body
22
Q
not ______ in _____ of the body
A
permanent
habitats
23
Q
stays for weeks or hours
A
transient flora
24
Q
what is resident flora?
A
permanent microorganisms in the body
25
flora in the vagina
doderlein bacillus
26
flora in stomach
heliconacter pylori
27
flora in the intestines
E.coli or Escherichia coli
28
saan nag lilead ang pag increase ng helicobacter pylori if kumain ka ng raw food or contaminated foods?
Gastritis which can also lead to peptic ulcers
29
any microorganisms that could cause infection
pathogen
30
ability of the microorganisms to cause infection to grow and multiply
pathogenecity
31
strength of the microorganisms
virulence/ vigor
32
what is nosocomial infection
hospi acquired infection
33
who are the people usually could get nosocomial infection?
pt who has catheter, ngt tube, tpn
34
contamination referred to something that is rendered ____ or ____
unclean or unsterile
35
somebody who carries microorganisms but does not manifest s/sx
carrier
36
direct and close association with an infected person
contact
37
pt shows s/sx
case
38
differentiate disinfection and sterilization
disinfection: process of destroying microorganisms but not their SPORES
sterilization: process of destroying and killing microorganisms including their SPORES
39
example of sterilization
autoclaving
40
a spore forming bacteria
clostridium tetani
41
differentiate bacteriostatic and bactericidal
bacteriostatic: halt/prevent the growth and multiplication of the bacteria
bactericidal: killing the bacteria
42
example of opportunistic
pneumocyctis carinii
43
enumerate the stages of infection (in order)
incubation period
prodromal stage
illness/ febrile/ active/ infective stage
convalescent/ recovery stage
44
Extends from entry of microorganisms to the appearance
of s/sx
incubation period
45
Extends from_____ of microorganisms to the______
entry
appearance
of s/sx
46
microorganism is growing and multiplying
incubation period
47
Patient is asymptomatic
incubation period
48
Appearance of nonspecific s/sx to appearance of specific
s/sx
prodromal period
49
Appearance of_______ s/sx to appearance of_____
s/sx
nonspecific
specific
50
appearance of specific s/sx
illness/active/infective/febrile stage
51
pathognomonic signs or cardinal signs become more evident
infective/febrile/active/illness stage
52
returns to pre normal state
convalescent/recovery stage
53
discuss the chain of infection
infectious/ causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
54
need reservoir to grow and multiply
infectious agent
55
natural habitat of the microorganisms where it grows, multiply, or obtain nourishment
reservoir
56
example of reservoir
human, animal, soil, water, air
57
Route where the microorganisms could leave their habitat
portal of exit
58
example of portal of exit
body fluids, fecal route, nose, anus
59
Direct, indirect, vehicle, airborne, droplet, vector,
food, animal
Mode of
Transmission
60
example of Mode of
Transmission
airborne, droplet, direct or indirect, vector, vehicle route
61
tiny particles that remains suspended in the air, they could travel to farther distances
airborne
62
through inhalation
airborne
63
example of airborne diseases
tb, rabbies, chicken pox
64
type of mask for airborne diseases
well fitted n95 mask
65
large particles which can only travels shorter distances
droplet
66
example of droplet route
coughing, laughing , talking with a distance of 3 ft, sneezing
67
example of direct contact?
direct sexual intercourse
through prolong skin to skin contact
68
utensils
indirect contact
69
what are the 5Fs in indirect contact?
finger
food
formites
feces
fly
70
through bites of mosquitos
vector
71
what are the types of immunity?
Active
natural active and artificial active
passive
natural passive and artificial passive
72
antibodies produced by own body
active
73
Active infection
Recovery from illness
natural active
74
lifelong immunity
natural active
75
artificial active?
Antigens that stimulate
antibody production
Ex: Vax, TT
76
injected antigens
artificial active
77
Antibodies derived from other sources
passive
78
Transferred from mother to
fetus through placenta or
colostrum
natural passive
79
Anti-serums, immunoglobulin
injected to a person
Ex: anti-tetanus, anti-rabies,
hyperimmunoglobulin
artificial passive
80
what is sporadic (isolated)
Occasional, intermittent, few cases, seasonal
81
Continuously present in a certain geographical area
endemic
82
Unusually large number of cases
epidemic
83
worldwid
pandemic
84
leptos pyrosis
sporadic
85
malaria in palawan, schistosomiasis in manila
endemic
86
covid 19, sars
pandemic
87
first line of defense
neutrophils
88
neutrophils kill and engulf?
bacteria and fungi
89
they breakdown bacteria
monocytes
90
lymphocytes consists of?
tcells and bcells
91
cells that fight against cancer?
tcells
92
cells that produce antibodies to fight off bacteria/virus
bcells
93
serve as ALARM when infectious agent strikes
basophil
94
basophils secretes what chemical?
histamine
95
how histamine works?
for allergic reactions
96
anti inflammatory effects
eosinophil
97
eosinophils attack and kill?
parasites
98
helps basophils in ALLERGIC REACTIONS
eosinophils
99
IgA is foud in?
saliva or tears
100
increase concentration to mucous membrane, lining of respiratory passages and GIT
IgA
101
1st antibodies to produce incase of infection
IgM
102
IgM is found in?
Blood and lymph
103
most abundant antibodies
IgG
104
IgG is responsible in fighting off what?
bacterial and viral infections
105
IgE fights what?
parasitic infections and allergic reactions
106
where do IgE found?
Lungs and skin and mucus membrane
107
least understood?
IgD
108
wear ____ when touching
B
M
N
Clean gloves
bloods and body fluids
mucous membranes
non intact skin
109
Perform ___ immediately when:
D
A
B
handwashing
direct contact with blood and body fluids
after removing gloves
between patient contact
110
Prevent ____
Never
Never
Use
Injuries
never attempt to re cap a used needle
never point a needle to any part of your body
use your puncture proof needle container
111
what type of room do patient with airborne disease go?
negative pressure room
112
good air?
bad air?
goes in
goes out
113
Airborne precautions
P
N nurse wear ?
Client wear?
private room- negative pressure room
N95 ( well fitted)
mask (always)
114
remain room unavailable for ___ when patient leaves
1 hour
115
2 patient who have the same causative agent should stay in 1 room
cohorting or cohabituation
116
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
C
Personnel use?
Remove what?
Cohorting
personnel use gloves when entering the room
remove gloves when leaving the room
117
law on reporting of communicable diseases
ra 3573
118
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and
Health Events of Public Health Concern Act
Enacted to replace the 90-year old “Law on
Reporting of Communicable Diseases”
ra 11332
119
An act further liberalizing the Treatment of
Leprosy by Amending and Repealing Certain
Sections of the Revised Administrative Code
ra 4073
120
An act requiring Compulsory Immunization
Against Hepatitis-B for Infants and Children Below
8-years-old
ra 7846
121
old epi law
pd 996
122
new epi law; mandatory infant and children immunization act (MICHA act)
ra 10152
123
clean air act
ra 8749
124
code of sanitation
ra 856
125
toxic substances, hazardous wastes, and nuclear waste act
ra 6969
126
anti-rabbies law
ra 9482
127
tabacco control act
ra 9211
128
ph medical act: nurses could perform responsibilities of physician during epidemic, pandemic, and emergency situation
ra 2382
129
AIDS/HIV prevention control act
ra 8504
130
national immunization day
what RA and what month?
pd 147 (march 3,1993)
april and may
131
rooming in and breastfeeding
ra 7600
