Introduction

Question 1

Ingestion and mastication

Answer 1

Mouth

Question 2

Secretes mucus, passageway and facilitates movement of food

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 2

Passageway for air, food, fluids

Answer 2

Pharynx

Question 2

Flap the open and closes to prevent food or fluids entering the trachea

Answer 2

Epiglottis

Question 3

Breaks down food by churning and mixing to turn bolus into chyme consistency

Answer 3

Stomach

Question 4

Parts of the Stomach

Answer 4

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Cardioesophageal sphincter)

Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Pyloric Sphincter

Question 5

Chemical ingestion
Absorption of nutrients, vitamins, minerals

Answer 5

Small Intestine

Question 6

Secretes pancreatic enzymes

Answer 6

Pancreas

Question 7

Breakdown protein

Answer 7

Trypsin

Question 8

Breakdown of starch

Answer 8

Amylase

Question 9

Breakdown fats

Answer 9

Lipase

Question 10

Stores and secretes bile

Answer 10

Gallbladder

Question 11

Produces bile

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

Parts of the Small Intestine

Answer 12

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Ileocecal valve

Question 13

2 Types of Contractions

Propels contents towards the colon

Answer 13

Peristalsis

Question 14

2 Types of Contractions

Produces mixing waves that move contents back and forth in a churning motion

Answer 14

Segmentation

Question 15

Water and Na ion absorption; temporary storage of fecal matter

Answer 15

Large Intestine

Question 16

2 Types of Colonic secretions

To neutralize

Answer 16

Bicarbonate solution

Question 17

2 Types of Colonic secretions

Protects the colonic mucosa

Answer 17

Mucus

Question 18

Amount of saliva being produced in a day

Answer 18

1.5L

Question 19

Salivary Glands

Answer 19

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 20

4 Layers of the Stomach

Answer 20

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 21

4 Layers of the Stomach

Inner

Answer 21

Mucosa

Question 22

4 Layers of the Stomach

Blood vessels

Answer 22

Submucosa

Question 23

Bile production in a day

Answer 23

500ml or 0.5L

Question 24

HCL production in a day

Answer 24

2.4L

Question 25

Emulsify fats and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Answer 25

Gallbladder - Bile

Question 26

Yellow to green fluid containing bile salts, bile pigments (bilirubin), cholesterol

Answer 26

Bile

Question 27

Site of Vitamin B12 and bile salt absorption

Answer 27

Ileum

Question 28

Small fingerlike projections present in the entire lining of the small intestine for absorption of nutrients

Answer 28

Villi

Question 29

GIT structure that prevents reflux of bacteria to the small intestine

Answer 29

Ileocecal valve

Question 30

Position of patient for abdominal assessment

Answer 30

Supine with knees flex ## Footnote To relax the abdominal muscles

Question 31

What to instruct the patient to do to avoid inaccuracy of results during abdominal assessment?

Answer 31

instruct the patient to void first