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Bio14: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is comparative vertebrate anatomy?

A

The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of vertebrates.

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2
Q

True or False: All vertebrates share a common ancestor.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a key feature in vertebrate evolution that allows for the development of complex structures.

A

notochord

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4
Q

What are the primary groups of vertebrates?

A

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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5
Q

Which vertebrate group is characterized by the presence of feathers?

A

Birds

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6
Q

What is the significance of homologous structures in comparative anatomy?

A

They provide evidence for common ancestry among species.

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which structure is not found in all vertebrates? A) Vertebral column B) Brain C) Lungs D) Notochord

A

C) Lungs

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8
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The evolutionary history and relationships among species.

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9
Q

True or False: The study of phylogeny is unrelated to comparative anatomy.

A

False

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships.

A

phylogenetic tree

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11
Q

What type of vertebrate has a three-chambered heart?

A

Amphibians and most reptiles.

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12
Q

Multiple choice: What is the primary function of the vertebral column? A) Support B) Movement C) Protection D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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13
Q

What is the role of the notochord in vertebrate development?

A

It provides structural support and is a precursor to the vertebral column.

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14
Q

True or False: Mammals are the only vertebrates that give live birth.

A

False

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are the primary organs of respiration in fish.

A

Gills

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16
Q

What type of body symmetry do vertebrates exhibit?

A

Bilateral symmetry.

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17
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of all mammals? A) Laying eggs B) Hair or fur C) Gills D) Scales

A

B) Hair or fur

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18
Q

What are the two major types of bone in vertebrates?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone.

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19
Q

True or False: Amphibians undergo metamorphosis during their life cycle.

A

True

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are structures that evolve from a common ancestor but serve different functions.

A

Homologous structures

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21
Q

What is the main function of the circulatory system in vertebrates?

A

To transport nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.

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22
Q

Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is primarily aquatic? A) Mammals B) Birds C) Fish D) Reptiles

A

C) Fish

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23
Q

What is the primary method of locomotion for most fish?

A

Swimming using fins.

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24
Q

True or False: All reptiles are ectothermic.

A

True

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25
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a unique feature of birds that aids in flight.
hollow bones
26
What is the role of the diaphragm in mammals?
To assist in breathing by contracting and expanding the thoracic cavity.
27
Multiple choice: What structure is unique to mammals among vertebrates? A) Lungs B) Hair C) Heart D) Brain
B) Hair
28
What type of teeth do carnivorous mammals typically have?
Sharp, pointed teeth for tearing flesh.
29
True or False: Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system.
True
30
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which organisms develop different traits over time.
Evolution
31
What is the primary purpose of the integumentary system in vertebrates?
To protect the body from environmental damage.
32
Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a characteristic of vertebrates? A) Presence of a backbone B) Bilateral symmetry C) Exoskeleton D) Closed circulatory system
C) Exoskeleton
33
What is the significance of the amniotic egg in vertebrate evolution?
It allowed for reproduction in a terrestrial environment.
34
True or False: Birds are considered reptiles in terms of evolutionary lineage.
True
35
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a group of vertebrates that includes sharks and rays.
chondrichthyes
36
What is the primary function of the skeletal system in vertebrates?
To provide structure and support to the body.
37
Multiple choice: Which of the following vertebrates is most closely related to humans? A) Fish B) Frogs C) Chimpanzees D) Lizards
C) Chimpanzees
38
What type of reproduction is most common in amphibians?
External fertilization.
39
True or False: The forelimbs of bats and whales are examples of analogous structures.
False
40
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Phylogeny
41
What is the primary role of the nervous system in vertebrates?
To coordinate and control body functions and responses.
42
Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is known for having scales? A) Mammals B) Fish C) Birds D) Amphibians
B) Fish
43
What is the significance of the forelimb structure in vertebrates?
It demonstrates adaptation to different environments and functions.
44
True or False: All vertebrates have a liver.
True
45
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structure that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.
vertebral column
46
What type of symmetry do most larval forms of vertebrates exhibit?
Radial symmetry.
47
Multiple choice: Which group of vertebrates typically undergoes metamorphosis? A) Fish B) Reptiles C) Amphibians D) Birds
C) Amphibians
48
What is the primary function of fins in fish?
To aid in swimming and maneuvering.
49
True or False: The heart structure of birds is more efficient than that of mammals.
False
50
Fill in the blank: __________ is the classification system used to categorize living organisms.
Taxonomy
51
What is the role of the integument in vertebrates?
To provide a barrier against pathogens and prevent water loss.
52
Multiple choice: Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in mammals? A) Lungs B) Gills C) Skin D) Intestines
A) Lungs
53
What is the evolutionary significance of the swim bladder in fish?
It allows for buoyancy control in water.
54
True or False: All vertebrates have a cloaca.
False
55
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the outermost layer of skin in vertebrates.
epidermis
56
What is the primary function of the digestive system in vertebrates?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
57
Multiple choice: Which of the following vertebrates is known for having a high metabolic rate? A) Snakes B) Turtles C) Birds D) Fish
C) Birds
58
What is the role of the kidneys in vertebrates?
To filter waste from the blood and regulate water balance.
59
True or False: Vertebrates are exclusively terrestrial organisms.
False
60
Fill in the blank: __________ is a key feature of the mammalian circulatory system.
Four-chambered heart
61
What is the main function of the endocrine system in vertebrates?
To regulate bodily functions through hormones.
62
Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is characterized by the presence of scales and lays eggs? A) Birds B) Mammals C) Reptiles D) Amphibians
C) Reptiles
63
What is the primary role of the muscular system in vertebrates?
To facilitate movement and maintain posture.
64
True or False: The human skeleton is composed of more than 200 bones.
True
65
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a type of connective tissue that supports and connects different parts of the body.
cartilage
66
What is the evolutionary significance of the mammary glands in mammals?
They provide nourishment to young, enhancing survival.
67
Multiple choice: Which vertebrate group is primarily adapted for flight? A) Fish B) Reptiles C) Birds D) Amphibians
C) Birds
68
What is the role of the lymphatic system in vertebrates?
To support immune function and fluid balance.
69
True or False: All vertebrates possess a developed brain.
True
70
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
cerebrum
71
What is the primary function of the reproductive system in vertebrates?
To produce offspring.
72
Multiple choice: Which organ is responsible for detoxification in vertebrates? A) Heart B) Liver C) Lungs D) Kidneys
B) Liver
73
What is the significance of the vertebrate limb structure?
It illustrates adaptation to various environments and modes of life.
74
True or False: Vertebrates are the only group of animals with a backbone.
True
75
Fill in the blank: __________ is the evolutionary concept that explains how species change over time.
Natural selection

Bio14: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (2 decks)

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