Introduction Flashcards
(33 cards)
Meaning of Zoonoses ( Gr., “Zoon,” “-oses”)
Pathologic state
Diseases transmitted from man to man
Anthroponoses (Gr., “anthropon” or man)
Diseases acquired from microbes thriving in abiotic subtrates
Sapronoses (Gr., “Sapron,” or decaying)
The term Zoonoses was first coined by
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
The disease interface occurring within the man-made ecosystem
Synanthropic
The disease cycle occurs in a natural ecosystem and human transmission occurs (via contact)
Sylvatic
In most zoonoses and sapronoses, thee man is an?
Accidental or Dead-end host
The ability of an organism to induce a pathological state in a species it has affinity to
Pathogenicity
The rate of pathogenicity of an infectious agent
Virulence
The ability to penetrate the host’s tissues and replicate
Invasivity
The ability of the agent to cause damage to the host through production of toxin compounds
Toxigenicity
The preferred route of most hematophagous vector-borne zoonoses, via integument injury or deposition of suitable substrate
Per cutis
Primary route of entry being inhalation of infectious material
Respiratory tract
Via ingestion of contaminated material of animal origin (meat, feces) or ingestion of contaminated water
Per os
Other routes / foci of entry that are of lesser importance
Conjunctiva
Urogenital tract
They show no clinical signs on the part of the animal
Inapparent infections
A characteristic presentation of signs and symptoms associated with a particular agent
Syndrome
They show clinical signs, varying from mild to severe
Infectious disease
Ratio of clinical cases to inapparent ones
Manifestation rate
Ratio of infected individuals (clinical to apparent) to the rest of the exposed population
Contagiosity
The period from exposure to first manifestation of illness
Incubation period
The minimum amount of agent needed to cause an infection
Infectious dose (MID, ID50)
The minimum amount of agent to cause disease
Pathogenic dose
A standard in toxins but rare in microbiology, the drug dose that is large enough to cause death
Killing Dose (LD50) Lethal dose (?)
