Introduction

Question 1

Synovium

Answer 1

Connective tissue that lines the inside of joint capsule, providing lubrication and nutrition to cartilage by synovial fluid

Question 2

Bursa

Answer 2

small fluid filled sac provides cushioning and reduces friction between moving parts of joints

Question 3

Tenosynovitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of tendon sheath

Question 4

Enthesis

Answer 4

Anatomical site of attachment of ligament, tendon, joint capsule, or fascia to bone

Question 5

Spondylitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of axial vertebrae and related discs and ligaments

Question 6

Spondylosis

Answer 6

Degenerative changes of vertebrae ex. OA

Question 7

Spondylodiskitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of both vertebrae and disk

Question 8

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 8

Stress fracture and sliding of vertebra

Question 9

Subluxation

Answer 9

Malalignment of joint

Question 10

Joint pain classified into

Answer 10

1. Inflammatory
2. Non-inflammatory ‘mechanical’ OA, trauma

Question 11

Number of joints involved

Answer 11

Monoarticular - one joint
Oligoarticular - 1-4 joints
Polyarticular - >4 joints

Question 12

Non articular diffuse MSK pain

Answer 12

Fibromyalgia

Question 13

Non articular localized MSK pain

Answer 13

Tendinitis
Enthesitis

Question 14

Articular pain characteristics

Answer 14

• diffuse pain and tenderness all over joint line
• aggravated by both active and passive joint movement
• generalized joint swelling

Question 15

Low back pain

Answer 15

• mechanical (OA, Degenerative)
• muscle spasm, spondylolesthesis, discogenic
• congenital structural
  -rheumatic (Spa, fibromyalgia)
  -neoplastic

Question 16

Inflammatory pain

Answer 16

• morning stiffness >30 mins
• profound fatigue
• improves with activity
• worsens with rest

Question 17

Red flags of spinal pain

Answer 17

• age <20 >50
• constant, progressive pain unrelieved by rest
• thoracic region pain
• PMH of CA, TB, HIV, steroid use
• Sweating, weight loss, fatigue
• major trauma

Question 18

Cauda equina syndrome

Answer 18

• difficulty with micturition
• fecal incontinence
• saddle anesthesia
• motor weakness
• sensory loss

Question 19

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 19

Compression of neurovascular structures as they transverse thoracic outlet ( scalene muscles, 1st rib, clavicle) 1. Vascular 2. Neurological

Question 20

Olecranon Bursitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of subcutaneous bursa overlying the olecranon

Question 21

De quervein tenosynovitis

Answer 21

Entrapment tendinitis of APL, EPB by overlying extensor retinaculum, pain at thumb motion with radial or ulnar deviation of wrist tx by splint, heat, nsaid

Question 22

Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis)

Answer 22

Pain, stiffness, sensation of locking and catching when digit flexed and extended, mostly affect ring finger and thumb

Question 23

Dupuytren disease

Answer 23

Fibrosing disorder that result in thickening and shortening of palmar fascia and lead to contractures of MCP or PIP, commonly affects ring finger

Question 24

Conditions associated with Dupuytren disease

Answer 24

• diabetes
• alcohol abuse
• hiv
• epilepsy
• trauma
• manual labor with vibratory exposure
• smoking

Question 25

Trochaneteric bursitis

Answer 25

Pain on upper lateral thigh, tenderness over greater trochanter

Question 26

Gluteal enthesopathy

Answer 26

Pain on upper lateral thigh, worse on active resisted hip abduction

Question 27

Adductor tendinitis

Answer 27

Pain on upper inner thigh, sports related, pain by active resisted hip adduction

Question 28

Ischiogluteal bursitis

Answer 28

Pain on buttock worse in sitting, tenderness over ischial prominence

Question 29

Iliopectineal bursitis

Answer 29

Anterior groin pain, tenderness lateral to femoral pulse

Question 30

Meralgia paresthetica

Answer 30

Pain,numbness, tingling in anterior and lateral parts of thigh, compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 31

Prepatellar bursitis

Answer 31

Pain in anterior patella

Question 32

Infrapatellar bursitis

Answer 32

Anterior knee pain inferior to patella

Question 33

Anserine bursitis

Answer 33

Upper medial tibia pain

Question 34

Inferior medial collateral ligament enthesopathy

Answer 34

Upper medial tibia pain

Question 35

Popliteal baker cyst

Answer 35

Pain in popliteal fossa, reducible by massage

Question 36

Patella tendon enthesopathy

Answer 36

Osgood schlatter disease, anterior upper tibia pain and swelling of tibial tubercle, pain on knee extension

Question 37

Pain in ankle joint

Answer 37

Anterior pain between two malleoli worse on standing/ walking

Question 38

Subtalar pain

Answer 38

Posterior between two malleoli and aggravated by walking on uneven surfaces

Question 39

MTP pain

Answer 39

Metatarsalgia, described as walking on marbles

Question 40

Pes cavus may be associated with

Answer 40

Neurological disorders such as fredreich ataxia, spina bifida, or polio

Question 41

Morton’s neuroma

Answer 41

Entrapment neuropathy of interdigital nerves, between 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads in middle aged women with ill fitting shoes

Question 42

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 42

Pain under heel worse on standing and walking

Question 43

Subcalcaneal bursitis

Answer 43

Pain under heel worse on standing and walking, tender under middle of calcaneus

Question 44

Achilles tendinitis

Answer 44

Tender on squeezing tendon, pain reproduced by standing on toes

Question 45

Achilles enthesopathy

Answer 45

Pain on site of tendon insertion, reproduced by standing on toes

Question 46

Retroachilles bursitis

Answer 46

Posterior heel pain, tenderness and swelling posterior to tendon

Question 47

Pre Achilles bursitis

Answer 47

Posterior heel pain, tenderness and swelling anterior to tendon

Question 48

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 48

Compression of tibial nerve in flexor retinaculum ligament