introduction

Question 1

What is the definition of immunity?

Answer 1

Resistance to diseases specifically infectious diseases

Immunity is crucial for protecting the body against pathogens.

Question 2

What are the two main types of immunity?

Answer 2

• Adaptive (acquired) immunity
• Innate (natural or native) immunity

Question 3

How does adaptive immunity develop?

Answer 3

It develops after exposure to infections, also known as acquired immunity.

Question 4

What are the main characteristics of adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

• Specificity
• Memory

Question 5

What components make up adaptive immunity?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes and their products, such as antibodies.

Question 6

What is innate immunity?

Answer 6

The first line of defense provided by physical barriers and natural antibiotics.

Question 7

What are the two types of immune response?

Answer 7

• Innate immune response
• Adaptive immune response

Question 8

What is humeral immunity?

Answer 8

Immunity mediated by proteins called antibodies produced by B lymphocytes.

Question 9

What does humeral immunity protect against?

Answer 9

Extracellular microbes (bacteria and bacterial toxins).

Question 10

What is cellular immunity?

Answer 10

Immunity mediated by T lymphocytes.

Question 11

What does cellular immunity protect against?

Answer 11

Intracellular microbes (viruses, fungi, and parasites).

Question 12

What are the two types of active immunity?

Answer 12

• Induced by infection
• Induced by vaccination

Question 13

What is an antigen?

Answer 13

A molecule that initiates the immune response.

Question 14

What are the two main divisions of antigens?

Answer 14

• Foreign antigens (heteroantigens)
• Autoantigens (self-antigens)

Question 15

Where do foreign antigens originate from?

Answer 15

Outside the body.

Question 16

What are examples of foreign antigens?

Answer 16

• Parts of viruses
• Substances produced by microorganisms
• Certain proteins in food

Question 17

Where do autoantigens originate from?

Answer 17

Within the body.

Question 18

What is an example of a condition related to autoantigens?

Answer 18

Autoimmune disorders.

Question 19

What are cytokines?

Answer 19

Proteins that act as messengers between cells.

Question 20

What are some examples of cytokines?

Answer 20

• TNFα
• Interleukines (IL)
• Chemokines
• Lymphokines
• Interferons
• Colony stimulating factors (CSF)

Question 21

What are some diseases of the immune system?

Answer 21

• Immune deficiency
• Autoimmune diseases
• Cancer
• Transplantation issues

Question 22

What is the importance of immunology?

Answer 22

To study the immune system, its physiological function, and immune response.

Question 23

What is passive immunity?

Answer 23

Acquired by giving the individual preformed antibodies or lymphocytes.

Question 24

How can passive immunity be transferred?

Answer 24

Through the placenta or breast milk.

Question 25

What is the most important characteristic of the immune system?

Answer 25

The ability to distinguish self from non-self antigens.

Question 26

What is the physiological function of the immune system?

Answer 26

To prevent infections and eradicate established infections.

Question 27

What is the immune system?

Answer 27

A network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to mediate resistance to infection.

Question 28

What is an immune response?

Answer 28

The coordinated reaction of immune cells and molecules against infectious microbes.

Question 29

What is the study of the immune system called?

Answer 29

Immunology.