Introduction Flashcards
(20 cards)
In the Raj, what system raised Muslim minority concerns?
Emerging democratic systems.
As the British Raj started considering democratic reforms, the Muslim minority grew concerned. They feared being politically overpowered by the Hindu majority in a ‘one man, one vote’ system. This fear was a major factor in their push for separate political representation.
Who ruled India before the British Raj?
East India Company
Prior to 1858, the East India Company (EIC) held significant power. The EIC had gradually expanded its control through trade and political influence. The Rebellion of 1857 ended its rule.
How did Hindu dominance affect the Indian National Congress?
Led to Hindu-dominated representation within the INC.
The Indian National Congress, while initially intended to represent all Indians, gradually saw a growing dominance of Hindu members. This raised concerns among other religious groups, particularly Muslims, who felt their interests were not adequately addressed. This contributed to the eventual formation of separate political organizations.
How did the Hindu majority influence law-making in British India?
Laws may reflect Hindu social norms.
With a significant Hindu majority, there was a potential for laws and policies to reflect Hindu social norms and values. This could inadvertently disadvantage minority communities whose customs and practices differed. It was crucial to ensure laws were secular and equitable for all citizens, irrespective of their religious background.
EIC transformed into a political power after which battle?
Battle of Plassey (1757)
Prior to 1757, the East India Company (EIC) was primarily a trading organization. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked a pivotal point, transforming the company into a significant political entity. Victory in this battle allowed the EIC to exert control over territories in India, initiating its rise to political dominance.
What concession drove early Congress-British cooperation?
Limited self-governance reforms.
Early Congress aimed for gradual Indian participation within the existing British structure, not complete independence. The British, in turn, offered minor reforms to appease moderate voices and maintain control. This mutual, albeit unequal, exchange fueled the initial cooperative spirit, which later evolved.
What aspect did treaties NOT guarantee princely states?
Full military independence.
While treaties allowed some internal autonomy, princely states lacked full military independence. The British maintained ultimate control over defense, ensuring no state could challenge British authority. This served as a check on their power.
What event led to the Raj’s establishment?
Indian Rebellion of 1857
What cultural impact did Hindu majority have on British India?
Dominance of Hindu traditions/customs.
How might Hindu majority affect representation of minorities?
Potential underrepresentation of minority interests.
In what year was the British Raj established?
1858
What was a potential concern for Muslims in a Hindu-majority India?
Being politically outvoted.
What was a key concern for Muslims regarding political power?
Being a minority in almost every state.
What jobs did Anglo-Indians typically hold?
Railways, postal, and telegraph services.
Treaties allowed what for princely states?
Local autonomy.
What was the primary function of INC in 1885
A discussion forum.
What governing structure concerned the Muslim League?
Democracy based on ‘one man, one vote’.
Why was cooperation a key early Congress resolution?
Power sharing
What is Indian Nationalism?
Pride in India; desire for self-rule.
