Introduction

Question 0

What is a research hypothesis?
What is an alternate hypothesis?
What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 0

=a general prediction
E.g eating carrots improves eyesight

=enough detail to carry out research, components are operationalised
E.g there will be a difference in eyesight depending on how many carrots a person eats

=a hypothesis which predicts no difference or correlation
E.g there will be no difference….

Question 1

What is the definition of hypothesis?

Answer 1

A statement which can be tested to see if it’s true.

Question 2

What is the difference between a two-tailed and a one-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 2

Two-tailed= option of 2 directions
E.g there will be a difference

One-tailed= used previous results to suggest this direction
E.g there will be an increase

Question 3

What is the definition of validity?

Answer 3

The extent to which a statement is true.

Question 4

What is the difference between internal and external validity?

Answer 4

Internal= validity inside study

External= how far the results can be generalised beyond the study

Question 5

What is face (surface) validity?

Answer 5

The extent to which a measure appears to measure what it is supposed to.

Question 6

What is population validity?

Answer 6

The extent to which the findings can be generalised to other populations.

Question 7

What is ecological validity?

Answer 7

The extent to which the findings can be generalised beyond the present situation.

Question 8

What are the 4 things which affect validity?

Answer 8

1. Demand characteristics
   PPs behaviour changes as try to make sense of study
2. Social desirability
   Respondent gives an answer that is not necessarily true but sounds good
3. Experimenter bias
   Experimenters expectations or design of study can influence the results
4. Observer bias
   Presence of an observer changes behaviour of PPs

Question 9

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 9

New measure findings match old measure findings.

Question 10

What is the difference between internal and external reliability?

Answer 10

Internal= how consistently a method measures within itself

External= how consistently a method measures over time when repeated
Test re-test

Question 13

What is the difference between inter rater reliability and intra rater?

Answer 13

Inter= consistency of the results from 1 observer doing the experiment

Intra= consistency of results from more than 1 observer doing the experiment