Introduction

Question 1

Define Toxicology

Answer 1

Science of poisons

Question 2

Two main aspects of Clinical Tox

Answer 2

Dx and Tx

Question 3

What is a xenobiotic?

Answer 3

Foreign chemical that the boy does not produce

Question 4

Define poison (toxicant)

Answer 4

Any substance (solid, liquid, gas) when introduced into he body may interfere with life processes or biological fxns of the cells of the animal.

Question 5

What are 4 natural sources of poison?

What is the other type of poison?

Answer 5

Natural:
plant, animal, mineral, fungi/bacteria

synthetic

Question 6

Define Toxin (biotoxin)

Answer 6

Poison from biological process

Question 7

Define Toxic

Answer 7

Deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons

Question 8

Define Toxicity

Answer 8

Amount of poison that cause toxic effects.

Question 9

LD50

Answer 9

Lethal dose fifty (mg/kg) in mammals

Question 10

LC50

Answer 10

Lethal concentration fifty (mg/kg) feed birds

Question 11

4 Types of Toxicity and their times

Answer 11

Acute - 24hrs
Subacute - (1-30 days)
Subchronic - (30-90 days)
Chronic - 3 months or more

Question 12

Define highest nontoxic dose (HNTD)

Answer 12

Highest or largest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations.

Question 13

Define Maximum tolerated dose or minimal toxic dose (MTD)

Answer 13

Similar to HNTD

Question 14

Define Toxic Dose low (TDL)

Answer 14

lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death.

Question 15

Define Toxic dose high (TDH)

Answer 15

Dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice dose will cause death.

Question 16

Define the No-effect level (maximum nontoxic level)

Answer 16

Amount of chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths (usually 90 days to two years or more depending on the species)

Question 17

LD0
LD50
LD100

Answer 17

1. Dose tha causes death in any animal during any period of observation
2. Dose that kills 50% of animals in group
3. Lowest dose that kills all animals in that group

Question 18

Define a hazard

Answer 18

Danger from possibility of exposure.
A poison can be highly toxic but not hazardous
Risk factor = toxicity/use level