Introduction

Question 1

study of structure & function of the human body

Answer 1

Human Anatomy & Physiology

Question 2

is the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

to dissect, or cut part and separate, the parts of the body to study

Answer 3

Anatomy

Question 4

2 basic approaches to study anatomy

Answer 4

Systemic and Regional Anatomy

Question 5

study of the body by systems, such as nervous

Answer 5

Systemic Anatomy

Question 6

study of the organization of the body by areas such as head

Answer 6

Regional Anatomy

Question 7

2 general ways to examine the internal structures of a living person

Answer 7

Surface anatomy & Anatomical imaging

Question 8

scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.

Answer 8

Physiology

Question 9

Major goals of physiology

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1. to understand & predict the body’s response to stimuli
2. to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal & external environment

Question 10

study of a specific organism, the human

Answer 10

Human Physiology

Question 11

Subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels

Answer 11

Cellular and Systemic Physiology

Question 12

6 Structural Levels

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1. Chemical Level
2. Cell
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ System
6. Organism

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level of organization involves how atoms, such as hydrogen & carbon, interact & combine into molecules

Answer 13

Chemical

Question 14

are the basic structural & functional units of organism, such as plants & animals

Answer 14

Cells

Question 15

are the small structures that makes up some cells

Answer 15

Organelles

Question 16

a molecule cells use for a source of energy

Answer 16

adenosine triphosphate

Question 17

is a group of similar cells & the materials surrounding them

Answer 17

Tissue

Question 18

4 primary types of tissue

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epithelial, connective, muscle & nervous

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is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions

Answer 19

Organ

Question 20

is a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions

Answer 20

Organ System

Question 21

is any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or of trillion of cells, such as human

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organism

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most important common feature of all organism

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life

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refers to the specific intterrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions

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Organization

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ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement

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Metabolism

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ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain his life

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Responsiveness

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refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism

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Growth

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includes the changes an organism undergoes through time; begins with fertilization and ends at death

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Development

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is change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

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Differentiation

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is the formation of new cells or new organisms

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Reproduction

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is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in either the external environment or the internal environment.

Answer 30

Homeostasis

Question 31

values that can change such as small amount of fluid, and normal cell functions depend on the maintenance of the cells

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Variables

Question 32

Integumentary System

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provides protection regulates temperature prevents water loss helps produce vitamin D

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consists of skin, hair, nails and sweat glands

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Integumentary System

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Skeletal System

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provides protection & support allows body movement produce blood cells stores minerals and adipose tissues

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consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments & joints

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Skeletal System

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Muscular System

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produces body movements maintains posture produces body heat

Question 37

consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Answer 37

Muscular System

Question 38

Lymphatic System

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removes foreign substances from the blood & lymph combats disease maintains tissue fluid balance absorbs dietary fats from digestive tract

Question 39

consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes & other lynphatic organs

Answer 39

Lymphatic System

Question 40

Respiratory Sytem

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exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air regulates blood pH

Question 41

consists of lungs & respiratory passages

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Respiratory System

Question 42

Digestive System

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performs the mechanical & chemical processes of digestion absorption of nutrients elimination of wastes

Question 43

consists of the mouth,esophagus, stomach, intestines and accessory organs

Answer 43

Digestive System

Question 44

Nervous System

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detects sensational | control movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions

Question 45

consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors

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Nervous System

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Endocrine System

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influences metabolism, growth, reproduction etc.

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consists of glands

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Endocrine System

Question 48

Cardiovascular System

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transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body plays a role in immune response & the regulation of body temperature

Question 49

consists of the heart,blood vessels and blood

Answer 49

Cardiovascular System

Question 50

urinary system

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removes waste products from the blood | regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance

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consists of kidneys, urinary bladder and ducts that carry urine

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urinary system

Question 52

Female Reproductive System

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produces oocytes site of fertilization and fetal development produces milk for the newborn produces hormones that influence sexual function and behavior

Question 53

Male Reproductive System

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produces and transfers sperm cells to the female | produces hormones that influence sexual functions & behaviors

Question 54

such as sweating & shivering, normally maintain body temp near an ideal normal value

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Homeostatic mechanisms

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ideal normal value

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set point

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most homeostatic mechanisms are governed by

Answer 56

nervous or endocrine system

Question 57

body temp increases & decreases slightly around the set point, producing

Answer 57

normal range

Question 58

helps control the internal environment so that it remains relatively constant

Answer 58

organ system

Question 59

most systems of the body are regulated by, which maintain homeostatis

Answer 59

negative-feedback mechanisms

Question 60

means that any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted

Answer 60

Negative

Question 61

3 components of negative-feedback mechanisms

Answer 61

receptor control center effector