Introduction Flashcards
Complete the phrase about unipolar neurones: these have 1 process arising from the soma and are usually ? cells, the cell bodies of which are grouped into ?
Sensory / ganglia
Complete the phrase about pseudounipolar neurones: only one process arises from the soma however this quickly splits into two, usually one going into the ? and one to the ? - these are usually ? neurones
Periphery / CNS / sensory
Complete the phrase about bipolar neurones: have two main processes arising from the soma and are usually located in ?
Specialised sensory organs
Complete the phrase about multipolar neurones: have many ? and one ?, and are the most ? type of neurone in the CNS
Dendrites / axon / common
What are interneurones?
Neurones which transmit information between other neurones
All types of neurones have 4 functional regions. What is meant by input?
Input comes from a pre-synaptic cell
All types of neurones have 4 functional regions. What is meant by integrative?
The soma integrates all the information coming into it
All types of neurones have 4 functional regions. What is meant by conductile?
The axons travel down the conductile area
All types of neurones have 4 functional regions. What is meant by output?
Usually involves the secretion of something
Complete the phrase about astrocytes: these are ? shaped cells which form a bridge layer between neurones and ? - one of their vital roles is the maintenance of ? which isolates and protects the brain from the rest of the body
Star / blood vessels / the BBB
Complete the phrase about capsular (satellite) cells: these are glial elements which surround the neuronal cell bodies in ?
Sensory and autonomic ganglia
Capsular (satellite) cells have a similar role to that of what type of cell? What is the difference?
Astrocytes / capsular cells function in the PNS, while astrocytes function in the CNS
Complete the phrase about microglia: these are very small glial cells which are activated by ? and are the CNS version of ? since they function as part of the ?
Trauma / macrophages / immune response
What do microglia do once they have been activated?
They remove foreign material and cellular debris through phagocytosis
Complete the phrase about ependymal cells: these are simple ? cells, which form the sheets of membrane lining the ?
Ciliated, cuboidal / ventricular system
As well as being the cells which line the ventricular system, what else do ependymal cells do?
Produce and transport CSF
What is the function of both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? What is the difference between the two?
They both produce the myelin sheath which forms a protective covering for the axons of neurones / oligodendrocytes myelinate the CNS while Schwann cells myelinate the PNS
What is an axon with myelin covering known as?
A fibre
Rapid communication along and between neurones is achieved by action potentials. What is this?
A transient change in electrical charge within a cell
An action potential begins at resting potential which is usually what? At this point, the inside of the cell has what kind of charge compared with the outside? This means that the membrane is what?
- 70mV / Negative / Hyperpolarised
In an action potential, depolarisation is caused primarily by what?
An influx of Na+ ions
An action potential is generates at the firing threshold, which triggers what?
The opening of all Na+ channels and a surge in Na+ influx
In an action potential, the cell repolarises how?
Via the inactivation of Na+ channels and activation of K+ channels causing K+ efflux
What is the absolute refractory period?
The period just after the overshoot when it is not possible to generate another AP
