Introduction Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
a form of cardiac pain that occurs on exertion and disappears on rest
A
Angina
2
Q
Caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries so that the cardiac muscle has insufficient blood.
A
Angina
3
Q
Major cause of death in industrialized nations
A
Myocardial infarction
4
Q
2 importance in making the diagnosis and
treating this patient.
A
Knowledge of:
The blood supply to the heart.
The arrangement of the coronary arteries.
5
Q
Is the science of the structure and function of the
body
A
Anatomy
6
Q
Study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of
medicine and other health sciences.
A
Clinical anatomy
7
Q
Study of the minimal amount of
anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall
structure and function of the body
A
Basic anatomy
8
Q
The person is standing erect, with the upper
limbs by the sides and the face and palms of the hands
directed forward
A
Anatomic
position
9
Q
This is a vertical plane passing through the center of
the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves
A
Median Sagittal Plane
10
Q
In Sagittal plant:
Planes situated to one or the other side of
the median plane and parallel to it
A
para-median
11
Q
A structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body
A
Medial
12
Q
Structure that lies farther away from the median plane than
another
A
lateral
13
Q
These planes are imaginary vertical planes at right angles to
the median plane
A
Coronal Planes
14
Q
These planes are at right angles to both the median and the
coronal planes
A
Horizontal, or Transverse, Planes
15
Q
Other words for saying lower and upper surfaces, when describing the foot
A
Plantar and dorsal surfaces
16
Q
Other words for saying lower and upper surfaces, when describing the hand
A
Palmar and dorsal surfaces
17
Q
Same side
A
ipsilateral
18
Q
different side
A
Contralateral
19
Q
Two or more bones come together
A
Joint
20
Q
A joint that have no movement
A
Sutures of the
skull
21
Q
A joint that have only slight movement
A
Superior tibiofibular joint
22
Q
A joint that freely moves
A
Shoulder joint
23
Q
movement that takes place in a sagittal
plan
A
Flexion
24
Q
straightening the joint and
usually takes place in a posterior direction
A
Extension
25
Anterior movement;except in knee joints
Flexion
26
Posterior movement
Extension
27
is a movement of the trunk in the coronal
| plane
Lateral flexion
28
is the term applied to the movement of a
| part of the body around its long axis.
Rotation
29
is
the movement that results in the anterior surface of the
part facing medially
Medial rotation
30
is the movement
that results in the anterior surface of the part facing
laterally
Lateral rotation
31
medial rotation of the
forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces
posteriorly
Pronation of the forearm
32
lateral rotation of the forearm from the pronated position so that the palm of the hand comes to face anteriorly
Supination of the forearm
33
the combination in sequence of the
| movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Circumduction
34
move forward
Protraction
35
move
| backward
retraction
36
the movement of the foot so that the sole
| faces in a medial direction
Inversion
37
the opposite movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction
Eversion
38
is composed of dense connective tissue containing many blood
| vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Dermis
39
stratified epithelium whose cells become flattened as they mature and rise to the surface. On the palms of
the hands and the soles of the feet. It is extremely
thick, to withstand the wear and tear that occurs in these
regions.
Epidermis
40
The dermis of the skin
| is connected to the underlying deep fascia or bones
Superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue
41
4 appendages of the skin
- Nails
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
42
The pull of the muscle also causes dimpling
| of the skin surface
goose-flesh
43
Is an oily material that helps preserve the flexibility
| of the emerging hair
Sebum
44
Are long, spiral, tubular glands distributed
| over the surface of the body, except on the red margins of the lips, the nail beds, and the glans penis and clitoris
Sweat glands
45
The most deeply penetrating structures of all the epidermal appendages
Sweat glands
46
Axial body consists of 3 parts
- head
- neck
- Trunk
47
Appendicular body consists of
Limbs or appendages
48
Closer to the axial body
Proximal
49
Further, from the axial body
Distal
50
Fascia Collagen Fibers are found in 4 parts
- scalp
- back of the neck
- palm of the hand
- soles of the foot
51
Fascia adipose tissue are found in 4 parts
- Eyelid
- Auricle of the ear
- Penis
- Clitoris
52
How many muscles do humans have
650
53
Series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.
peristalsis
54
one Example of unipennate
Extensor digitorium longus
55
One example of Bipennate
Rectus Femoris
56
One example of multipennate
acromial fibers of the deltoid
57
One example of Circular muscle
Orbicularis oris
58
One example of convergent muscle
Pectaralis major
59
One example of parallel muscle
Sartorius
60
One example of Fusiform
Biceps Brachii
61
How many joints in the body
187
62
Infection occurring
| between the nail and the nail fold
paronychia
63
staphylococcal infection of the superficial fascia
carbuncle
64
caused by obstruction of the mouth of a
sebaceous duct and may be caused by damage from a comb or
by infection. It occurs most frequently on the scalp.
Sebaceous Cyst
65
is a mixture of loose areolar and adipose tissue that unites the
dermis of the skin to the underlying deep fascia
superficial fascia
66
4 parts that contains numerous bundles of
| collagen fibers that hold the skin firmly to the deeper structures
- Scalp
- back of the neck
- palms of the hands,
- soles of the feet
67
5 parts of that has devoid of adipose tissue
- eyelids
- auricle of the ear
- penis
- scrotum,
- clitoris
68
is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep structures
deep fascia
69
In the region of joints, the deep fascia may be considerably thickened to form restraining bands
retinacula
70
Their function is to hold underlying tendons in position or to serve as pulleys around which the tendons may move.
retinacula
71
The three types of muscle
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
72
Elaborate about skeletal Muscle
- movements of the skeleton
- voluntary muscles
- striped muscle fibers
73
The attachment that moves the least
origin
74
the attachment that moves the most
insertion
75
fleshy part of the muscle
Belly
76
cords of fibrous tissue
tendons
77
flattened muscles are
| attached by a thin but strong sheet of fibrous tissue
aponeurosis
78
is an interdigitation of the tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles
raphe
79
fibrous
| envelope
epimysium
80
individual fibers of a muscle
| are arranged in ways
Parallel and oblique
81
muscles
| with parallel fiber arrangements
- sternocleidomastoid
- rectus abdominis
- sartorius.
82
Muscles whose fibers run obliquely to the line of pull are (resembles a feather)
pennate muscles
83
which the
tendon lies along one side of the muscle and the muscle
fibers pass obliquely to it
unipennate muscle
84
example of unipennate muscle
extensor digitorum longus
85
one in which the tendon lies
in the center of the muscle and the muscle fibers pass to it
from two sides
bipennate muscle
86
example of bipennate muscle
Rectus Femoris
87
may be arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying
| alongside one another
multipennate muscle
88
2 example of multipennate muscle
acromial fibers of the deltoid and tibialis anterior
89
chief muscle or member of a chief group of muscles
| responsible for a particular movement
Prime mover
90
Any muscle that opposes the action of the
| prime mover
Antagonist
91
```
contracts isometrically (i.e., contraction
increases the tone but does not in itself produce movement) to stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that it
can act efficiently
```
Fixator
92
To prevent unwanted
movements in an intermediate joint, groups of muscles
called (BLANK) contract and stabilize the intermediate
joints.
Synergist
93
Elaborate about Smooth Muscle
- long, spindle-shaped cells closely
arranged in bundles or sheets
- provides the motive power for propelling the contents
through the lumen
- causes
the ingested food to be thoroughly mixed with the digestive juices
94
Elaborate about cardiac muscle
- striated muscle fibers
- forms the myocardium
- arranged in whorls and spirals, and they have the property of spontaneous and
rhythmic contraction.
95
supplied by autonomic nerve fibers
that terminate in the nodes of the conducting system and
in the myocardium.
Cardiac muscle
96
The cardiac muscle receives its blood supply from what arteries
Coronary arteries
97
two or more bones come together
Joints
98
3 Types of joints
fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial
| joints.
99
Very little moment.
Example of this joint are:
- The sutures of the vault of the skull
- the inferior tibiofibular joints
Fibrous Joints
100
bones are united by a plate or a bar of hyaline cartilage.
| -No movement is possible
primary cartilaginous joint
101
bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage.
- small amount of movement is possilbe
secondary cartilaginous joint
102
example of fibrous joint
coronal suture of the skull
103
example of cartilaginous joint
joint between two lumbar verebral column
104
example of synovial joint
hip joint
105
found in some synovial joints lying
between the synovial membrane and the fibrous capsule
or bone.
Fatty pads
106
can be classified according to the arrangement of the articular surfaces and the types of movement
that are possible
Synovial joints
107
In plane joints, the apposed articular surfaces are flat or almost flat, and this permits the bones
to slide on one another.
plane joints
108
examples of plain joints
- sternoclavicular
| - acromioclavicular joints
109
resemble the hinge on a door,
| so that flexion and extension movements are possible
Hinge joints
110
examples of hinge joints
elbow, knee, and ankle joints
111
central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony–ligamentous ring and
rotation is the only movement possible
Pivot joints
112
examples of pivot joints
- atlantoaxial
| - superior radioulnar joints
113
two distinct
| convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces.
Condyloid joints
114
examples of Condyloid joints
metacarpophalangeal joints or
| knuckle joints
115
elliptical convex
articular surface fits into an elliptical concave articular
surface. Rotation is impossible
Ellipsoid joints
116
example of Ellipsoid joints
wrist joint
117
the articular surfaces are
reciprocally concavoconvex and resemble a saddle on
a horse’s back. permit flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, and rotation.
Saddle joints
118
examples of Saddle joints
carpometacarpal joint of the
| thumb
119
a ballshaped head of one bone fits into a socketlike concavity of another. permits free movements,
including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction.
Ball-and-socket joints
120
examples of Ball-and-socket joints
shoulder and hip joints
121
The stability of a joint depends on three main factors:
- shape of articular surfaces
- ligaments
- muscle tone
122
2 joints shows how bone shape plays an important
| role in joint stability.
- hip joint
| - ankle joint
123
prevent excessive movement in a joint
, but if the stress is continued for an excessively
long period, then fibrous ligaments stretch.
Fibrous ligaments
124
return to their original length
| after stretching
Elastic ligaments
125
major factor controlling
| stability
Muscle Tone
126
the sensation of pain in a joint is lost
syringomyelia
127
affects large synovial joints such
| as the ankle, elbow, or wrist
Gonococcal arthritis
128
affects synovial joints and may start in the synovial membrane
or in the bone
tuberculous arthritis
129
```
- a cord or band of connective tissue uniting
two structures.
- composed of dense
bundles of collagen fibers
- composed of dense
bundles of collagen fibers
```
ligament
130
A sensory nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin overlying
the insertions of these muscles.
Hilton’s law
131
- lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous
sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane.
- found wherever tendons rub against bones, ligaments, or other tendons
Bursae
132
- tubular bursa that surrounds a tendon.
| - occur where tendons pass under ligaments and retinacula and through osseofibrous tunnels.
Synovial Sheath
133
enables blood vessels to
| enter the tendon along its course
mesotendon
134
when
| the range of movement is extensive, the mesotendon disappears or remains in the form of narrow threads
vincula
135
reduce friction between the tendon and
| its surrounding structures.
Synovial Sheath
