Introduction

Question 1

Doxographer

Answer 1

People who wrote and relayed the works of earlier philosophers.

Where we get Testimonial (T) text.

Not always reliable: Relay teachings through their beliefs and lens.

Question 2

Specious

Answer 2

Superficially plausible but actually wrong

Question 3

propitiation

Answer 3

atonement. The act of pleasing god

Question 4

Hesiod’s Theogony

Answer 4

Created an ordered system and grouped the gods.

700 BCE

Not a complete jump from mythos to logos but shows an early logical system.

Question 5

reductivism

Answer 5

act of analyzing and describing complex phenomenon. In terms of phenomena that are helpful to representing a simple or more fundamental idea

Question 6

pluralism

Answer 6

condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority coexist

“Doctrine of Multiplicity”

More than one correct logos

Question 7

Monism

Answer 7

Doctrine of unity

Question 8

Dualism

Answer 8

Doctrine of Duality

Question 9

iconoclastic

Answer 9

characterized by attack on cherished beliefs or institutions

Question 10

apotheosis

Answer 10

the highest point of the development of something. culmination or climax

Question 11

5th Century Greece

Answer 11

Mood of optimism. Greeks had defeated the Persians twice.

Due in part to the presocratics, people were focused on human achievement.

many of the sophists were agnostic/ atheist

Sophocles wrote Antigone: celebration of human achievement

Question 12

peripatetic

Answer 12

traveling from place to place. in particular, working or based in various places for relatively short periods

Question 13

Pythagoras

Answer 13

Thought everyone should be taught to read and write at the state’s expense.

Question 14

relativism

Answer 14

no absolute truth.

Only truths that an individual or specific culture happen to believe

Question 15

Eleatic Reasoning

Answer 15

Idea of Parmenides (maybe) of non contradiction. Things can’t change because how can something be and then not be

Question 16

opprobrium

Answer 16

Harsh criticism or censure

Question 17

Plato’s Dislike of Sophists

Answer 17

1. Aristocratic snobbishness (they took money for teaching)
2. Thought the Sophist reasoned poorly
3. Didn’t think the Sophists were concerned with their students’ more well being
4. Plato wanted to distinguish Socrates from the Sophists.

Question 18

Aristotle’s Dislike of the Sophists

Answer 18

1. Poor logic

2. Superficial Arguments

Question 19

Cicero Quote about Socrates

Answer 19

Socrates called philosophy down to earth from the heavens

Sophists transformed Presocratic reductionism into humanism and ended Presocratic Speculation

Question 20

eschatological

Answer 20

relating to death, judgement as the final destiny of the soul of humankind

Question 21

conspectus

Answer 21

summary or overview

Question 22

scholiast

Answer 22

a commentator on ancient or classical literature

Question 23

floruits

Answer 23

period during which a historical figure lived or worked

Question 24

pseudepigrapha

Answer 24

spurious or pseudonymous writing especially Jewish wiring but composed within 200 years

Question 25

spurious

Answer 25

not being what it purports to be; false or fake.

Question 26

Hylozoism

Answer 26

All matter has life

Question 27

Sophist

Answer 27

Sophist = teacher (before the negative connotation of Plato or Aristotle) taught people to argue logos spoken word is to sophists as written word is to presocratics took on private students, generally wealthy elite "I do it, I can do it" vs Socrates: "Not is this good, but what is good?"

Question 28

Old dieties

Answer 28

People made things sacred to have control If something (mountain, river, etc) is a diety you can worship the diety and hope for a positive outcome. dieties would have started very local, through conquest and consolidation you get the Olympic Gods. Poseiden is god of water and the water nymphs beneath him probably were formerly local gods.