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Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Loss of fluid in the ECF (interstitial fluid & intravascular fluid(blood)) Intracellular hydration can also occur from this because fluid from ICF will move to ECF*

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2
Q

Hypovolemia Vs. Dehydration

A

Dehydration is the loss of just water, Hypovolemia is the loss of water & salts

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3
Q

List 2 Neurological impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Confusion & Restless

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4
Q

List 2 Cardiovascular impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Weak pulse & flat neck veins

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5
Q

How does Hypovolemia affect your Vs (2 ways)

A

Hypotension and tachycardia

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6
Q

List 2 Integumentary impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor

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7
Q

What are the interventions of Hypovolemia

A

Give patient Isotonic fluids (Normal Saline & Ringers Lactate)

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8
Q

What is Hypervolemia

A

Excess or fluid overload in the the ECF (interstitial fluid & intravascular fluid(blood)). Fluid will move from the intravascular fluid to the interstitial fluid because of the fluid overload* There is both an increased amt of NA and H20

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9
Q

List 3 Causes of Hypervolemia

A

Liver Failure, Ascites, Congestive Heart failure.

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10
Q

List 2 Neurological Impacts of Hypervolemia

A

Seizure & Headaches

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11
Q

List 2 Cardiovascular impacts of hypervolemia

A

Edema & Distended neck veins (JVD)

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12
Q

When does fluid gain become a concern

A

If you are gaining 1 kg per day

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13
Q

List 2 Respiratory Impacts of hypervolemia

A

Dyspnea & Crackles

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14
Q

How does Hypervolemia affect your Vs (2 ways)

A

Hypertension & Tachycardia

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15
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low salt content in the body. Patient could have excess fluid. There is a higher concentration of salt in the cells which causes the water to move into the cells, causes cerebral edema

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16
Q

When you think of salt what should you think of

A

The brain

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17
Q

List the Neurological impacts of hyponatremia

A

Decreased LOC, Irritability, seizures

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18
Q

What is the purpose of hypertonic solutions

A

Volume Expander, Draws fluid from intracellular to extracellular fluid

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19
Q

What is the purpose of hypotonic Solution

A

It is for intracellular dehydration. Draws fluid out of vascular space into interstitial and intracellular fluid

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20
Q

Interventions for mild and severe hyponatrmemia

A

For mild hyponatremia Isotonic solution is given,

For severe hyponatremia hypertonic solution is given

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21
Q

Why would you give isotonic solution to those who is fluid overloaded

A

The solution given will go into the intravascular space balancing out the excessive fluid in the intracellular space

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22
Q

What could cause hyponatremia

A

Just thing of things that would cause excess fluid and decreased salts. Ex vommiting causes a decrease in electrolytes

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23
Q

What could cause hypernatremia

A

Just thing of things that would cause increased salts and decreased volumes, ex. not drinking enough water

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24
Q

What could cause Hypovolemia

A

Just thing of things that will decrease amt of fluid in the the body ex. vommiting

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25
What could cause hypervolemia
Just think of things that could cause fluid retention such as urinary problems
26
Hypernatremia
Increased amt of Na in the bod, water goes from intracellular to extracellular space
27
What are clinical indications of hypernatremia
Seizures, and twitching
28
What are the clinical interventions of hypernatremia
Hypotonic Solutions
29
What is Calcium Inversely Related with
Phosphoros
30
What is hypocalcemia
Low amount of calcium
31
What should you think of when hearing about calcium
Neuromuscular Excitabiltiy (Tetany, parathesisa decreased heart contraction due to less calcium)
32
What is Chvotek's Signs and in what type of patients is it found in
Twitching in the face due to hypocalcemia
33
Interventions for hypocalcemia patients
Calcium gluconate IV
34
What is hypercalcemia
Increased amounts of calcium
35
Interventions for hypercalcemia
Isotonic solutions preferable Ns
36
Cause of hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
37
What should you think of when you hear potassium
Heart
38
Hypokalemia
Dereased amounts of potassium`
39
What is a critical nursing responsibility for Hypo/HyperKalemic patients
Make sure their results are recents use a diluted minibag never IV push. Never give a diuretic, a K+ supplement or insulin without knowing a recent K+ level for your patient
40
Hyperkalemia
Increased amount of potassium | Primarily seen in renal disease, or acidosis*
41
What should you do in mild Hyperkalemia
Administer furosemide
42
What should you do in moderate Hyperkalemia
Administer Kayexalate
43
What should you do in severe Hyperkalemia
Administer Calcium then administer insulin
44
Who does K Follow
Insulin
45
What should you think of when you hear Magnesium
Neuromuscular and Heart
46
Whar does Hypokalemia usually go with
Hypomagnesia
47
What is Trousseau's Sign
It is a sign of latent tetany (Think of salt Bae's Fingers) Found in hypocalcemia, and Hypomagnesia
48
Hypomagnesia
Little magnesium and overstimulation of the heart
49
Nursing interventions for hypomagnesia
Give magnesium supplements or IV depending on severity
50
Hypermagnesia
Too much magnesium and under stimulation of the heart typically do to renal failure
51
Nursing interventions for Hypermagnesia
Give calcium gluconate in an IV solution
52
How do you know that 3-5% Nacl and Dextrose 10% in water is hypertonic
It's because it has a higher value than the isotonic solution ex, 3% > 0.9
53
Increased WBC Signifies
Infection, Inflammation, fever,stress
54
Decreased WBC signifies
Autoimmune Disorders, infection, cancer
55
Increased Neutrophils signifies
Infection
56
Decreased Neutrophils signifies
Cancer, suppressed immune system, HIV/AIDS
57
Increased Lymphocytes signifies
Infection, leukemia
58
Increased RBC (erythrocyte) Signifies
Heart failure, low O2, kidney tumors
59
Decreased Lymphocytes signifies
Autoimmune disorder, cancer, infection
60
Decreased RBC (erythrocyte) Signifies
Kidney disease, Iron deficiency, Inflammatory disease
61
Decreased Hemoglobin signifies
Kidney disease, anemia, Hyperparathyroidism
62
Increased Hemoglobin signifies
Smoke, COPD, Heart failure
63
Low Hematocrit Signifies
Blood Loss, Anemic, bone marrow problems
64
High Hematocrit signifies
Smokers, Dehydration, certain drugs used
65
Increased Platelets signifies
Blood loss, Iron deficiency, infections
66
Decreased platelets signifies
Enlarged spleen, alcohol, anemia
67
What does a increased pt (prothrombin time) signify
Liver disease, Vitamin K deficiency
68
What does a increased pt ( Prothrombin time) Signify
Supplements that contain vitamin K, Estrogen-containing medications
69
An increased PTT signifies
pregnancy, leukemia, liver disease
70
What is ptt (Partial thromboplastin time)
The amount of time it takes for blood to clot
71
What is pt
The amount of time it takes for blood to clot
72
What is hematocrit
The volume of RBC in the whole blood
73
What is INR
Describes the amount of time it takes for blood to clot
74
What is aptt
This is the amount of time it takes for blood to clot
75
What is Hemoglobin A1c
It's a test to see the risk of gaining diabetes having a high a1c means you have a poorer control of your blood glucose levels which means you have an increased chance of diabetes
76
What is bun
It tells you whether your kidneys and your liver is working properly
77
What is creatinine
It tells you whether your kidneys are filtering properly typically a higher level means its losing its ability to filter properly
78
What does SA02 mean
It is the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream
79
What does HC03
It is the level of bicarbonate available in the body and it signifies the bodies ability to maintain the appropriate ph
80
What is paco2 used for
It is to determine the levels of CO2 in the blood
81
What is pa02 used for
It is used to determine the levels of O2 in the blood
82
What is a fasting glucose
The glucose levels after not eating for 8h which is typically referring to your sleep
83
What is cholestrol
It is a waxy fat like substance, it is used to build cells but too much of it can cause athersclerosis
84
What is troponin
It is usually used to determine if your at a high risk for a heart attack
85
What is a ck test for
It is used to check for any muscular abnormalities and the risk for heart attacks
86
What is an albumin test used for
It is used to determine how well the liver is working

CNUR 203 (6 decks)

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