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Microbiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the microorganisms? (Definition)

A

Found in every ecosystem and in close association with every type of multicellular organism

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2
Q

What is the importance of microorganisms?

A

1- they populate the healthy human body by the billions as benign passengers (normal flora)
2- As participants in bodily functions , for example bacteria play a role in the degradation of intestinal contents.

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3
Q

What is the microorganisms?( types)

A 
1-Bacteria 
2-fungi 
3-Protozoa 
4-Helminths 
5-Viruses
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4
Q

What is the primary role of microorganisms?

A

Initiation and spread of human diseases

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5
Q

When microorganisms are characterised as pathogen?

A

When they production of toxic compound or direct infection

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6
Q

Most infectious diseases is initiated by ……….

A

Colonization

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7
Q

What is the colonization?

A

The establishment of proliferating microorganisms on the skin or mucous membrane

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8
Q

Diseases aren’t caused by microorganisms (major exception )..?

A

Are diseases caused by introduction of organisms directly into the bloodstream or internal organs.

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9
Q

Microbial colonization may result in ..?

A

1- Elimination of the microorganisms without affecting the host
2- Infection in which the organisms multiply and cause the host to react by making an immune or other type of response
3-A transient or polonged carrier state

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10
Q

Infectious diseases occur when…?!

A

Organism cause tissue damage and impairment of body function

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11
Q

What is the type of cell?

A

1- prokaryotic

2- Eukaryotic

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cell include …?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

Eukaryotic cell includes…?

A

1- Fungi
2-Protozoa
3- Helminths
4-Human

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14
Q

What is the types of prokaryotic cells ?

A

1- Eubacteria ( included all bacteria of medical importance

2-Archeabacteria ( collection of evolutionary distinct organism.

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15
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in chromosome

A

Prokaryotic: usually single , circular
Eukaryotic: multiple

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16
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in nucleus

A

Prokaryotic: no nuclear envelope or nucleoli
Eukaryotic: membrane bound, nucleoli present

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17
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotic: not present
Eukaryotic: present ( example, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in cell wall

A

Prokaryotic: usually present, may contain peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic: present in plant cell , no peptidoglycan

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19
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in plasma membrane

A

Prokaryotic: no carbohydrates , most lack sterol
Eukaryotic: sterol and carbohydrates present

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20
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in ribosome

A

Prokaryotic: 70s
Eukaryotic: 80s ( 70s in organelles)

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21
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in average size

A

Prokaryotic: 0.2-2 mm in diameter
Eukaryotic: 10-100 mm in diameter

22
Q

The type of chromosomes in this bacteria :
1-vibrios
2- borrellia

A

1- Vibrios : 2 circular chromosomes

2- Borrellia : liner chromosomes

23
Q

What is the types of eubacteria?

A

1- Typical bacteria

2- Atypical bacteria

24
Q

What distinguishes a typical bacteria?

A

Have a shapes that can be described as a rod , sphere , and corkscrew

25
Q

What the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic in the size ?

A

Prokaryotic cells smaller than eukaryotic

26
Q

What the importance of rigid cell wall that surrounding the cell membrane?

A

Determines the shapes of organisms

27
Q

What is the type of bacteria that don’t have a rigid cell wall ?

A

Mycoplasma

28
Q

What is the importance in the cell wall of bacteria?

A

Determines whether the bacterium is classified as gram positive or gram negative

29
Q

External cell wall in the bacteria may be …?!

A
  • Flagella
  • pili
  • capsule
30
Q

Bacterial cell wall divided by…?

A

Binary fission

31
Q

Many bacteria exchange genetic information carried on plasmids including…?

A

The information necessary for establishment of antibiotics resistance

32
Q

What is the plasmids?

A

Small , specialized genetic elements capable of self-replication

33
Q

What is the examples of Atypical bacteria?

A

Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia

34
Q

What distinguishes Atypical bacteria?

A

Lack significant characteristics structural components or metabolic capabilities that separate them from the large group of typical bacteria

35
Q

What is the name of polymer that found in the cell wall and have a importance in the study it ?

A

Peptidoglycan

36
Q

What is the fungi?

A

Nonphotosynthetic ,saprophytic and eukaryotic organisms

37
Q

The shape of fungi?

A

Some fungi are filamentous and are commonly called molds

38
Q

Yeasts are ?

A

Unicellular

39
Q

Reproduction in fungi ?

A

Asexual , sexual, or both

40
Q

All fungi produce……?

A

Spores

41
Q

Pathogenic fungi can cause diseases ( types)?

A
  • Running from skin infection to serious ( superficial mycoses)
  • Systematic infection ( deep mycoses)
42
Q

What is the protozoa?

A

Single-celled, nonphotosynthetic , and eukaryotic organisms that come in various shapes and sizes

43
Q

Where the protozoa live ?

A

Many protozoa are free living, but others are among the most clinically important parasites of human

44
Q

Protozoa infect…?!

A

All major tissues and organs of the body

45
Q

Infection by protozoa can be …?!

A

Intracellular parasites or Extracellular parasites

46
Q

What is the helminths ?

A

Group of worms that live as parasites , they are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with complex body organization

47
Q

Helminths divided into 3 main groups, what is ?

A

1- Tapeworms ( cestodes)
2- Flukes ( trematodes)
3- Roundworms ( nematodes)

48
Q

How the helminths receiving nutrients?

A

Helminths are parasitic receiving nutrients by ingestive or absorbing digestive contents or ingestive or absorbing body fluid or tissues

49
Q

What is the viruses?

A

Are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have a cellular structure

50
Q

The viruses consist of ?

A

Molecules of DNA ( DNA virus) or RNA ( RNA virus ) but not both , surrounding by protein coat

Microbiology (5 decks)

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