Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply. Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the four main functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange.
Acid base balance
Protection from Infection.
Speech.
What is the pharynx?
The throat, it is shared by the nose and mouth and the digestive system.
What is the name of the small flap of tissue that prevents food entering the pharynx when you swallow?
Epiglottis.
Does bronchus contain cartilage rings?
No the trachea does.
Whats the name for the voice box?
Larynx
What separates the lobes of the right lung?
superior and middle - horizontal fissure.
middles and inferior - oblique fissure.
What separates the lobes in the left lung?
Oblique fissure separates the superior and inferior lobe.
Name everything thats part of the upper respiratory tract.
Pharynx, vocal chords, oesophagus, nasal cavity, larynx.
Name everything thats part of the lower respiratory tract.
lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, diaphragm
How is the trachea patent?
Cartilage rings
How is the bronchioles patent?
physical forces in the airflow.
describe the larynx becoming the alveoli.
larynx > tracheae > bronchus > secondary bronchus > bronchiole > alveoli
Is the trachea or alveoli more resistance to airflow?
Trachea because there are milllllions of alveoli.
What type of cells are type one pneumocytes ?
simple squamous epithelia.
What happens at type 1 pneunocytess?
Gas exchange, they are always in close contact with capillaries.
What do type 2 pneumocytes do?
Produce surfactant. Reduces surface tension and helps breathing
Where is anatomical dead space found? what is it?
air thats not going into the blood/ tissues but is getting carried. Found in conducting airways e.g. trachea.
describe the lining of the respiratory tract.
Psuedostratishphied ciliated columnar epithelia. Glands, lymph nodes, blood vessels, mucous by goblet cells.
as you go downnnn, epithelium becomes more squamous, mucous is lost and cilia is lost last.
What is pulmonary circulation?
blood going from heart to lungs and from lungs to heart. NOT SYSTEMATIC which drops it off all over the body.
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems?
In lungs at alveoli - o2 moves to blood.
in tissue at capillaries - o2 moves out of blood.
What ph should the extracellular fluid be at?
7.4
Whats the difference between external respiration and internal respiration ?
Internal - what happens in cells
External - integrating the cardiovascular and respiratory system. All the stuff they do but not the cellular stuff (breakdown of o2)
what vessels are involved in the pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary artery takes blood away from heart to lungs (deoxygenated)
Pulmonary vein takes blood to heart (oxygenated)
How does the net volume of o2/co2 exchanged in the lung differ to the net volume of o2/co2 exchanged in the tissues/
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