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arabic heritage > introduction and arabic language > Flashcards

introduction and arabic language Flashcards

1
Q

intellectual heritage?

A
  • tradition
  • custom
  • religion
  • ideology
  • language is the main vehicle for spreading intellectual heritage.
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2
Q

what are language groups based on?

A
  • common vocabulary

- and others

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3
Q

the main language group in middles east are…?

A
  • semitic
  • indo-euro
  • turki
  • Persian
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4
Q

what is semitic?

A

its derived from sham/sam son of Noah

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5
Q

who is august Ludwig?

A

he was the first to use semitic language at the end of the 18th century.

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6
Q

ibn hazm?

A

he pointed out the arabic, Hebrew and syric stem from the same language in the 11th century.

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7
Q

According to the linguists how many types of arabic language are there?

A
  • the classical Arabic (al-fusha) the quran one
  • modern standard arabic (al-fusha)
  • colloquial arabic (al-amiyyah)
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8
Q

what are the difference between the classical, modern standard, and colloquial arabic?

A

the classical and Modern Standard Arabic are the official standard language in arabic speaking countries, however colloquial arabic is the language of everyday activities, and there are many different types depending on the area of each country.

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9
Q

when did the arabic became and international language?

A
  • between the 8 & the 11 century arabic became an International language.
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10
Q

define diglossia & spectroglossia?

A
  • diglossia: two different versions of the same language that co-exist. de= two; glossia+ language/ tongue
  • arabic can be best describe as spectroglossia because spectro= multiple.
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11
Q

Languages are divided into families according to

A

common vocabulary and grammatical features

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12
Q

One of the following is not a Semitic language:

A
  • Hebrew
  • Aramaic
  • (Persian)
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13
Q

The term Semitic was first used bu August Ludwig by the end of the 15th century.

A

false; at the end of the 18th cen

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14
Q

The first to point out that Arabic Syriac, Hebrew stem from the same language was

A

Ibn Hazm, an Arab from Muslim Spain

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15
Q

Mihri Arabic and Soqotri Arabic are still spoken, though not widely

A

South of the Arabian; south Yemen

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16
Q

Hamito-Semitic language groups is the same as Afro-Asiatic group of languages?

A

true

17
Q

Arabic belongs to

A

The Semitic family of languages

18
Q

The Arabic of today is part of

A
  • Semitic languages
  • Afro-Asiatic Languages
  • South West Semitic languages
19
Q

proto-semitic language is

A
  • The Arabic language
  • Old Egyptian language
  • The Hebrew language
    (Non of the mentioned) bc its the mother of all semitic languages.
20
Q

The number of the Arab countries (belong to the Arab league is?

A
  • 25
  • 15
  • 20
  • (none of the mentioned) 22!!
21
Q

Arabic is one of the languages of the United Nations

A

true since 1973

22
Q

Diglossia is a socio-linguistic phenomena that exists only in Arabic language.

A

false

23
Q

According to the latest statistics, Arab living in the Arab countries population is around

A

440 million

24
Q

Semitic languages are:

A
  • Phoenician
  • Assyrian
  • Syriac
    or
  • Aramaic
  • Hebrew
  • Arabic
25
Q

what is Proto-semitic?

A
  • the mother of all the extinct and extant Semitic languages.
  • no one knows where it started but the majority seem to consider Arabia as the home of Proto-Semitic from where Semitic migrations started.
26
Q

Is Arabic considered the youngest of the Semitic languages? True or false?

A

Trure

27
Q

where is the word Semitic derived from?

A
  • The word is derived from the biblical name Sham and Sam, one of our prophets Noah’s sons (PBUT)
28
Q

Hamitic languages are?

A
  • Old Egyptian
  • Old Libyan
  • Berber
  • Cushitic languages such as Somali, Galla, Southern Sudanese
29
Q

what is an old Semitic Language?

A

Akkadian

30
Q

when did Arabic become an International language?

A
  • between the 8th and 11th centuries
  • it was the widely used language of that age, and the leading language in science and technology for that period of time.
31
Q

what makes arabic an important language in the 20th century?

A
  • Arabic is the official language of 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa.
  • population-wise; The total number of Arabic speakers living in the Arab nations is estimated at 422 million (as of 2017). The number of Arabs in countries outside the League of Arab States is estimated at 18 million, yielding a total of close to 440 million.
32
Q

Diglossia?

A
  • di meaning 2 and glossia means “language” or “tongue”.

- basically 2 types or variations of the same language co-exist

33
Q

what is the difference between colloquial and classical or standard Arabic?

A
  • colloquial Arabic is the actual language of everyday activities, mainly spoken, and it varies not only from one country or another but also one area to another within each country.
  • classical or standard Arabic ( al-fus’ha) is the grammatically correct, standardised Arabic used in writing and most formal speech across the Arab world.
34
Q

arabic?

A
  • is the language of islam, so widely known and used in muslim world, even by non-arabs
  • huge literary heritage
  • influenced other languages through Arab rule/ islamic rule
35
Q

Language groupings established on the basis of?

A
  • Common vocabulary

- Common grammatical features etc

36
Q

South-West Semitic: A branch of the proto-Semitic languages that includes:

A
  • North Arabic
  • Arabic
  • South Arabic
  • Ethiopic
37
Q

Historical Overview:

A
  • The Pre-Islamic Period or “Jahiliyyah” (c. 500-622 CE) / A language of Poetry
  • The Umayyad Period (661-750 CE) / A language of Poetry / A language of Religion / A language of Administration
  • The Abbasid Period (750-1258 CE) / A language of Poetry / A language of Religion / A language of High Culture (adab) / A language of Translation / A language of Administration
  • Muslim Spain (711-1492 CE) / A language of Poetry / A language of Religion / A language of High Culture (adab) / A language of Translation / A language of Administration

arabic heritage (14 decks)

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