Introduction and Principles

Question 1

When primary x-ray beam passes through the patient, it undergoes a process of what?

Answer 1

Attenuation

Question 2

When x-ray beam passes through the patient, it is attenuated in different amounts depending on what?

Answer 2

Density of tissue through which is has passed

Question 3

Object tissue radio density includes?

Answer 3

Air
Fat
Water
Bone/Calcific
Metal

Question 4

What is the order of object radiodensity starting with the most lucent and going to the most opaque?

Answer 4

Air–>Fat–>Water–>Bone–>Metal

Question 5

What is the amount of blackness on the radiograph?

Answer 5

Radiographic Density

Question 6

There is an inverse relationship between what?

Answer 6

Radiodensity of an object and radiographic density on radiograph.

Question 7

Thick tissue causes what radiographic density?

Answer 7

Less (white/opaque)

Question 8

Thin tissue causes what radiographic density?

Answer 8

More (black/lucent)

Question 9

Radiographic density is primarily controlled by?

Answer 9

mAs

Question 10

mAs control the amount of x-rays quanta (bundles) emitted from the x-ray tube during?

Answer 10

Exposure

Question 11

mAs is what type of factor?

Answer 11

Quantitative Exposure

Question 12

What is the amount of difference between black and white on a radiograph?

Answer 12

Radiographic Contrast

Question 13

What is the purpose of contrast?

Answer 13

Make anatomic detail more visible

Question 14

In skeletal radiograph high contrast is often required to visualize what?

Answer 14

Cortical margins of bone clearly

Question 15

What is the primary controlling factor for contrast?

Answer 15

Peak Kilovoltage (kVp)

Question 16

The kVp is the factor which controls the energy of the electrons as they move across the tube, or the speed of the electrons, thus controlling what?

Answer 16

Beam Quality

Question 17

What does kVp equal?

Answer 17

Quantitative exposure factor

Question 18

What is the main determinant of beam quality?

Answer 18

kVp

Question 19

What control the number of electrons and therefore radiographic density (overall blackness or whiteness)?

Answer 19

mAs

Question 20

kVp controls the speed of the electrons and therefore beam quality which relates to what?

Answer 20

Film Contrast (difference btwn shades)

Question 21

kVp influences necessary what?

Answer 21

mAs

Question 22

What is the primary controlling factor of radiographic definition?

Answer 22

Motion

Question 23

How does motion affect definition?

Answer 23

Insufficient time for an image to form

Question 24

Radiographic definition is affected by what?

Answer 24

Motion
Beam Size
Distances

Question 25

What is the difference between the actual object and it's recorded image?

Answer 25

Radiographic Distortion

Question 26

What are the 2 types of radiographic distortions?

Answer 26

Size | Shape

Question 27

The further the tube from the image receptor, the less what?

Answer 27

Magnification

Question 28

The closer the structure is to the image receptor, the less what?

Answer 28

Magnification

Question 29

The larger the object, the further the outer boundaries are from the central ray, the greater the what?

Answer 29

Magnification of the object

Question 30

What is the theoretical center of beam?

Answer 30

Central Ray

Question 31

Shape distortion causes what?

Answer 31

Unequal Magnification

Question 32

Only at the central ray a portion of the beam striking the structure and image receptor perpendicularly is the image what?

Answer 32

Close to accurate

Question 33

When taking x-rays what is the minimum amount of views?

Answer 33

2 at 90 degrees (orthogonal views)

Question 34

The 10 day rule is not justified if the delay could prove detrimental to what?

Answer 34

Health/welfare of pt

Question 35

Frontal views are named according to?

Answer 35

Beam entrance-to-beam exit

Question 36

Lateral views are named according to?

Answer 36

Which SIDE of pt's body is closet to image receptor

Question 37

Oblique views are name according to?

Answer 37

Which QUADRANT of pt's body is closest to film

Question 38

What are downsides to film based imaging?

Answer 38

``` Increase radiation dose Repeat exposures Time Inability to alter image Physical transport Storage space Films get lost ```

Question 39

What are good reasons for digital based imaging?

Answer 39

Technical alteration of image after exposure Better disease detection Immediate access Eliminate need for storage and inventory cost Less environmental impact Improved archival quality of images

Question 40

What are downsides to digital based imaging?

Answer 40

Non-reusability and Cost | Quality Control

Question 41

Anterior OBL demonstrates what?

Answer 41

Ipsilateral IVF

Question 42

Posterior OBL demonstrates?

Answer 42

Contralateral IVF