INTRODUCTION AND VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

Process if there’s an injury:

A
  1. Primary Hemostasis
  2. Secondary Hemostasis
  3. Fibrinolysis
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2
Q

a complex physiologic process that keeps
circulating blood in a fluid state and then, when an injury occurs, produces a clot to stop the bleeding, confines the clot to the site of injury, and finally dissolves the clot as the wound heals

A

HEMOSTASIS

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3
Q

uncontrolled bleeding

A

Hemorrhage

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4
Q

pathologic clotting

A

Thrombosis

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5
Q

Cellular elements of hemostasis

A
  1. cells of the vascular intima
  2. extravascular tissue factor bearing cells
  3. platelets
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6
Q

Plasma components of hemostasis

A

Coagulation proteins
Fibrinolytic proteins

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7
Q

refers to the role of blood vessels and
platelets in the initial response to a
vascular injury or to the commonplace
desquamation of dying or damaged
endothelial cells

A

PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS

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8
Q

describes the activation of a series of
coagulation proteins in the plasma, mostly
serine proteases, to form a fibrin clot

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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9
Q

the final event of hemostasis, the gradual digestion and removal of fibrin
clot as healing occurs

A

Fibrinolysis

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10
Q

Activated by desquamation and small injury to the blood vessels

A

Primary hemostasis

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11
Q

Involves vascular intima and platelets

A

Primary Hemostasis

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12
Q

Rapid, short-lived response

A

Primary Hemostasis

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13
Q

Procoagulants substances exposed or released by damage or activated endothelial cells

A

Primary Hemostasis

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14
Q

The activator, tissue factor is exposed on the cell membrane

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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15
Q

Involves platelets and coagulation system

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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16
Q

Activated by large injuries to blood vessels and surrounding tissues

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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17
Q

Are complex and heterogeneous

A

Endothelial cells

18
Q

Are distributed throughout the body. Display unique structural and functional characteristics

A

Endothelial cells

19
Q

Play essential roles in immune response, vascular permeability, proliferation, and hemostasis. Form a smooth, unbroken surface that eases the fluid passage of
blood

A

Endothelial cells

20
Q

Anticoagulant Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A
  1. Prostacyclin
  2. Nitric oxide
  3. Thrombomodulin
  4. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
  5. Heparan Sulfate
21
Q

Procoagulant Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Collagen
  3. Von Willebrand Factor
  4. ADAMST 13
  5. P-selectin
  6. Intracellular adhesion molecule
  7. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules
  8. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblast
  9. Tissue factor
22
Q

Fibrinolytic Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-(PAI-1)
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor
(TAFI)

23
Q

Platelet size:

24
Q

shape of the platelets

A

disk-shaped, biconvex/spiky

25
granular and located centrally
Chromomere
26
agranular and located in the periphery
Hyalomere
27
Primary Hemostasis steps:
1. Platelet Adhesion 2. Shape Change 3. Secretion of granules (ADP, TXA2) 4. Recruitment 5. Platelet Aggregation
28
Platelet a-granules
1.b- thromboglobulin 2. FV 3. FXI 4. Protein S 5. Fibrinogen 6. VWF 7. Platelet factor 4 8. Platelet derived growth factor
29
Platelet Dense Granules
1. ADP 2. ATP 3. Serotonin 4. Calcium 5. Magnesium
30
Plasma transports at least ____, also called coagulation factors (synthesized in the liver)
16 procoagulant
31
Vitamin K is a quinone found in green leafy vegetables and is produced by the intestinal organisms _____
Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli
32
Two Phases of Coagulation
Initiation Propagation
33
Occurs on tissue-factor bearing cells
Initiation
34
Occurring on platelets
Propagation
35
Secondary Hemostasis steps :
1. Tissue Factor 2. Phospholipid complex expression 3. Thrombin activation 4. Fibrin Polymerization
36
Ensures that coagulation is localized and is not a systemic response (prevents excessive clotting or thrombosis)
1. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) 2. Activated Protein C (APC) 3. Antithombin (AT)
37
The final stage of hemostatic activation. Is the systematic, accelerating hydrolysis of fibrin by plasmin
Fibrinolysis
38
binds to the lysine moieties on the fibrin molecule
Plasminogen
39
Active form of plasminogen
Plasmin
40
Plasminogen Activation
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (UPA)
41
Control of Fibrinolysis
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Alpha 2- Antiplasmin Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)