Introduction for the pregnant and birthing family Flashcards
(50 cards)
Which hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
Estrogen
LH - leutenising hormone
progesterone
What causes the bleeding?
When the egg is not fertilised and there in a drop in progesterone
What hormone helps to identify pregnancy?
HCG
What are subjective signs of pregnancy?
nausea vomiting fatigue breast changes ahmenhorea frequency to urinate quickening (kicks as early as 16 weeks)
What are objective signs of pregnancy?
HCG in urine and blood
goodals sign - softening of the cervix
chadricks sign - blue vagina
baxton hicks contractions - irregular painless contracting of the uterus
What are the diagnostic tests for pregnancy confirmation?
HCG urine test
Blood test
Ultrasound
How do you work out what the estimated due date is?
Using the woman dates
- Naegeles rule - LMP (last menstrual period) + 9 months + 7 days
(You need to take into account the woman cycle and adjust appropriately)
Ultrasound
What is antenatal care?
To monitor the process of pregnancy in order to support maternal health and normal foetal development
What are the types of antenatal care?
Midwifery led care
Shared care
Obstetric care
What is midwifery led care?
Birth centre type model
Main carer is the midwife
Only if low risk
What is shared care
Shared with midwife and obstetrician
But only really see GP
Low risk
Prefer to see GP
What is obstetric care?
Obstetric led care
Moderate or high risk
What is the booking in visit and when is it done?
complete history of both mother and father and family physical assessment mental health assessment birth preferences feeding preferences health promotion blood tests urine tests
often completed at 12 weeks
What are the stages of labour?
early/latent phase
first
second
third
3 stages
What happens in early/latent phase of labour?
can last hours days or even weeks prep for labour may pass mucus plug cervix • moved from posterior to anterior • ripens and softens • effaces • dilates
What happens in the first stage of labour?
onset of regular, painful uterine contractions
woman cannot speak during contraction
cervix is 3-4 cm dialated
feel urge to push
What are the 5 P’s
Passage Passenger Pain Psyche Powers
What can be done for comfort for the woman during labour?
massage heat pack movement and positioning breathing techniques shower music
What happens in the second stage of labour?
full dilation to the birth
expulsive contractions
pushing the baby out
What happens during the third stage of labour?
birth of the placenta and membranes
What happens after labour is over?
the first hours following birth regular vital signs uterus contracts down track vaginal loss possible sutchering assistance with breast feeding skin to skin contact
What happens with the neonate after birth?
Airway clamping and cutting the cord drying First cry warm skin to skin contact
What is the APGAR score? explain what should be expected in each part
Appearance - blue or pale all over - blue extremities, but torso pink - pink all over Pulse - none - 100 Grimace - no response - weak grimace when stimulated - cries of pulls away when stimulated Activity - None - some flexion of arm - arms flexed, legs resist extension Respirations - None - Weak, irregular or gasping - Strong cry
0-3 low, 4-6- fairly low, 7-10 generally normal
taken at 1 min then 5 mins
What does Postnatal mean?
after childbirth
