Introduction, Gross Anatomy of Urinary System

Question 1

What is the role of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Remove metabolic waste

Regulate electrolytes + BP

Stabilise pH

Reabsorption of small molecules

Produce erythropoietin

Question 2

How are the kidneys peritonised?

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal

Question 3

At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?

Answer 3

T12-L3

Question 4

Which rib sits posterior to the kidneys?

Answer 4

12th rib

Question 5

Which nerves sit posterior to the kidneys?

Answer 5

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nn

Question 6

What structures make up the external capsule of the kidney?

Answer 6

Renal capsule → Perirenal fat → Renal fascia → Pararenal fat

Question 7

What is the internal structure of the kidney from medulla to ureter?

Answer 7

Medulla Pyramid Papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Pelvis Ureter

Question 8

What is the first constriction of the ureter?

Answer 8

Pelvicoureteric junction (PUJ) Ureter passes over inferor renal pole

Question 9

What is the second constriction of the ureter?

Answer 9

Ureter crosses over the external iliac vessels

Question 10

What is the third constriction of the ureter?

Answer 10

Vesicoureteric junction Ureter traverses the bladder wall

Question 11

What is the order of structures traversing the renal hilum?

Answer 11

Anterior → Posterior Vein Artery Pelvis/Ureter

Question 12

The renal artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 12

Abdominal aorta

Question 13

What are the segments of the kidney?

Answer 13

Apical Antero-superior Antero-inferior Inferior Posterior

Question 14

The renal veins drain into what?

Answer 14

Inferior vena cava

Question 15

What are the interlobar arteries?

Answer 15

Arterial branches which supply each nephron by passing between renal pyramids

Question 16

What are the arcuate arteries?

Answer 16

Branches which pass around the circumference of the pyramid

Question 17

What are the interlobular arteries?

Answer 17

Supply to each nephron

Question 18

The kidney has how many segmental branches?

Answer 18

5

Question 19

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?

Answer 19

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to the kidney?

Answer 20

Renal plexus: Sympathetic: T10-L1 Sensory afferent: T11-L2

Question 21

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 21

Triangular structure formed by corners being the opening of the ureters and urethra

Question 22

The ureters enter into which part of the bladder?

Answer 22

Apex

Question 23

The median umbilical ligament is what structure in the embryo?

Answer 23

Embryonic Urachus

Question 24

The medial umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?

Answer 24

Occluded umbilical artery

Question 25

The lateral umbilical folds were what structure in the embryo?

Answer 25

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 26

What structure sits between the uterus and the rectum in the female anatomy?

Answer 26

Recto-uterine pouch

Question 27

Which muscle of the bladder is contracted during micturation?

Answer 27

Detrusor muscle

Question 28

Which urethral sphincter is under somatic control?

Answer 28

External urethral sphincter

Question 29

Which nerve controls voluntary relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 29

Pudendal nerve

Question 30

Parasympathetic control of the internal urethral sphincter is controlled by what?

Answer 30

Pelvic gangion

Question 31

Nerves supplying the pelvic ganglion originate at which spinal levels?

Answer 31

S2,3,4

Question 32

Which nerves innervate the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 32

Parasympthetic: Pelvic nerve Sympathetic: Hypogastric nerve

Question 33

The hypogastric (sympathetic) ganglion controlling the muscles of micturition originate at which spinal levels?

Answer 33

T10 - L2

Question 34

Which structures make up the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 34

Vas deferens Seminal vesicle

Question 35

Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

Answer 35

Parasympathetic nerve

Question 36

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

Answer 36

Sympathetic nerve

Question 37

Which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?

Answer 37

Membranous

Question 38

Transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?

Answer 38

L1

Question 39

Which structures make up the nephron?

Answer 39

Renal corpuscles Renal tubules

Question 40

Which structures make up the renal corpuscles?

Answer 40

Glomerulus Bowmen's capsule

Question 41

Which structures make up the uriniferous tubule?

Answer 41

Nephron Collecting duct

Question 42

What structure is shown here?

Answer 42

Ureter

Question 43

What structure is shown here?

Answer 43

Bladder

Question 44

What structure is shown here?

Answer 44

Medulla of the kidney

Question 45

What structure is shown here?

Answer 45

Cortex of the kidney

Question 46

What characteristic identifies the ureter vs other tubules?

Answer 46

Star shaped lumen

Question 47

What type of epithelium lines the urinary system?

Answer 47

Transitional epithelium

Question 48

Give the structure of the muscular layers of the bladder?

Answer 48

Smooth muscle: Inner longitudinal Middle circular Outer longitudinal

Question 49

Identify these structures

Answer 49

A - Renal cortex B - Renal corpuscle C - Arcuate vessels D - Renal medulla E - (ascending) loop of Henle F - Collecting duct

Question 50

What deformity is this?

Answer 50

Aberrant renal arteries

Question 51

What deformity is this?

Answer 51

Pelvic kidney

Question 52

What deformity is this?

Answer 52

Unilateral double kidney

Question 53

What deformity is this?

Answer 53

Horseshoe kidney