introduction key ideas Flashcards
(17 cards)
who created sociology?
In the 1800s the French Philosopher Auguste Comte wanted there to be a systemic science for studying society
What is a society?
A society is a group of people who share a culture and a territory
What does Marginalisation mean?
Marginalisation means a social group occupies a position outside the centres of power
what is nature?
This is the view that human behaviour is genetically based
What is nurture?
This is the view that human characteristics and behaviour are learned and ar therefore a product of environment and culture
what evidence is there to support nature?
-animal studies
-twin studies
-children have closer intelligence to biologic parents than adopted ones
-certain aspects of human behaviour are found across many different cultures.
what evidence is there to support nurture?
- From various studies of pre-industrial societies, anthropologists have described the enormous variation in human cultures
-various examples of children isolated from human contact near birth
-a number of studies of child development show the effect of surroundings on education and emotions- The national children’s Bureau child development study. This was a longitudinal study of 17000 children born in one week in march 1958 which showed children from disadvantaged homes have much slower educational progress and are more likely to have behavioural problems.
What happened in the Skeels case study?
group 1- 2 13 year old orphans transferred to learning institutions with girls with learning disabilities acting as substitute mothers
group 2- 2 12 year olds who were left in he orphanage
the result- 2 years later group 1 returned with IQ rising significantly so they no longer had learning disabilities but group 2 IQ had fallen and were shown to still be lower when both groups were 22.
critiques- small scale so harder to expand for larger population, ethically wrong.
what is primary socialisation?
This is socialisation that takes place in early life in the family where infants learn language and basic norms and values.
what is secondary socialisation?
This is socialisation that takes place outside the family and teaches us about academics, formal skills and fitting into a variety of different contexts
what is formal socialisation?
Acquiring specific skills such as reading and writing
what is informal socialisation?
it usually takes place as part of everyday activity and affects us unconsciously
what is value consensus?
All/ vast majority communally agree on something
what is gender socialisation?
the process of being socialised into your gender
what is manipulation in gender socialisation?
boys and girls are encouraged to adopt behaviours redeemed appropriate for their gender
what is canalization?
Boys and girls are directed towards different toys and games
what are verbal appellations?
terms such as brave boy or sweet girl as different language used to praise or rebuke for different things.
