Introduction Lecture

Question 1

What is biological psychology?

Answer 1

the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behaviour.

Question 2

Dorsal view

Answer 2

view of the human brain from the top.

Question 3

Ventral view

Answer 3

view of the human brain from the bottom.

Question 4

Monism

Answer 4

position that mental activity and certain types of brain activity are inseparable.

Question 5

Dualism

Answer 5

the idea that minds are one type of substance and matter is another.

Question 6

Biological psych is important for ___________

Answer 6

evidence based practice.

Question 7

Biological psych is closely tied to __________

Answer 7

our medical model.

Question 8

biological explanations of behavior fall into four categories:

Answer 8

physiological

ontogenetic

evolutionary

functional

Question 9

physiological explanation

Answer 9

relates behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs.

Question 10

ontogenetic explanation

Answer 10

describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.

Question 11

evolutionary explanation

Answer 11

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behaviour, states what evolved from what.

Question 12

functional explanation

Answer 12

describes why a structure or behaviour evolved as it did.

Question 13

genetic drift

Answer 13

Within a small, isolated population, a gene can spread by accident.

Question 14

four reasons why do they scientists non-humans:

Answer 14

1. ) similar underlying mechanisms of behaviour & easier to study.
2. ) interested in animals for their own sake.
3. ) learning about animals sheds light on human evolution.
4. ) legal or ethical restrictions prevent certain kinds of research on humans.

Question 15

Minimalists

Answer 15

tolerate certain types of animal research but wish to limit others depending on the probable value of the research, the amount of distress to the animal, and the type of animal.

Question 16

the three R’s

Answer 16

1. ) reduction of animal numbers
2. ) replacement
3. ) refinement (modifying the procedures to reduce pain).

Question 17

Abolitionists

Answer 17

maintain that all animals have the same rights as humans.

Question 18

Cardiocentric view

Answer 18

the heart initiates thought and behaviour.

Question 19

Aristotle

Answer 19

• organs located near the brain were connected to the heart via vascular channels.
• the brain existed only to help balance the hearts function.
• heart is root of intelligence and source of nerves.

Question 20

Cephalocentric view

Answer 20

brain centered view.

Question 21

Hippocrates

Answer 21

• father of western medicine.
• first to propose that the brain is seat of thought and emotion.
• referred to heredity in his writings.

Question 22

Galen

Answer 22

• father of experimental physiology.

- first to study structure of the nervous system through dissection and observation.

Question 23

What did Galen uncover when studying the nervous system?

Answer 23

• arteries carry blood to parts of the body.
• described valves of the heart.
• observations around bones, muscles and nerves.

Question 24

Typology of human temperament theory

Answer 24

personality types; choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, sanguine.

Question 25

Choleric

Answer 25

- person is bad tempered, irritable. | - yellow bile.

Question 26

Melancholic

Answer 26

- person is gloomy, pessimistic. | - black bile.

Question 27

Phlegmatic

Answer 27

- person is sluggish, non-excitable.

Question 28

Sanguine

Answer 28

- person is cheerful, passionate.

Question 29

4th-17th century view

Answer 29

- ventricles and the pineal gland. anterior = perception/imagination. middle = reason. posterior = memory.

Question 30

Descartes

Answer 30

- pineal gland as the seat of the soul. | - withdrawal reflex.

Question 31

Withdrawal reflex

Answer 31

spirits released from the ventricles.

Question 32

Who had the first systematic account of mind-body relationship?

Answer 32

Descartes

Question 33

Mind body relationship

Answer 33

mind and body are two independent substances - mind is invisible (consciousness). - body has physical size. - pineal gland is point of contact.

Question 34

Thomas Willis

Answer 34

- founder of neurology. | - assigned behavioural and physiological functions to the brain.

Question 35

Circle of Willis

Answer 35

circle of arteries at based of the brain.

Question 36

Johannes Peter Muller

Answer 36

- isolated components of nervous system (afferent vs efferent fibers). - doctrine of nerve energies.

Question 37

doctrine of nerve energies

Answer 37

nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried, origin of sensation isn't important.

Question 38

Darwin

Answer 38

- natural selection | - functionalism

Question 39

natural selection

Answer 39

process in nature by which only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characters.