Introduction of Biopsych

Question 1

it is defined as “the branch of psychology that studies the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes”(Pickett, 2000).

Answer 1

Biological psychology

Question 2

He represents the oldest known medical writing in history (5,000 years old).

Answer 2

Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

Question 3

Greek scholars of the fourth century b.c. proposed that the brain was the _

Answer 3

organ of sensation

Question 4

He went further by suggesting that the brain was also the source of intelligence. He correctly identified epilepsy as originating in the brain.

Answer 4

Hippocrates (460-379 b.c.)

Question 5

He believed that the heart was the source of intellect.

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

he is often referred to as the father of anatomy, believed that the ventricles (the fluid-filled cavities in the brain) played this important role.

Answer 6

Herophilus

Question 7

A philosophical perspective put forward by Rene
Descartes in which the body is mechanistic, whereas the mind is separate and nonphysical.

Answer 7

Mind-body dualism

Question 8

• A philosophical perspective characteristic of the neurosciences in which the mind is viewed as the product of activity in the brain and nervous system.

Answer 8

Monism

Question 9

microscopes

Answer 9

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 10

• observer of electricity

Answer 10

Benjamin Franklin

Question 11

• established electricity as the mode of communication used by the nervous system.

Answer 11

Luigi Galvani and Emil du Bois-Reymond

Question 12

continued to support the concept of the nervous system as a vast, interconnected network of continuous fibers.

Answer 12

Camillo Golgi -

Question 13

argued that the nervous system was composed of an array of separate, independent cells. Cajal’s concept came to be known as the Neuron Doctrine.

Answer 13

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Question 14

• The examination of body tissues following death.

Answer 14

Autopsy

Question 15

• An imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images.

Answer 15

Computerized tomography (CT)

Question 16

An imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity.

Answer 16

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 17

An imaging technique that provides very high resolution structural images.

Answer 17

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -

Question 18

• A technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain.

Answer 18

functional MRI (MRI)

Question 19

A technology for studying the activity of the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp.

Answer 19

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 20

A technology for recording the magnetic output of the brain.

Answer 20

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Question 21

it is an injury to neural tissue and can be either naturally occurring or deliberately produced.

Answer 21

lesion

Question 22

• large areas of brain tissue are surgically removed

Answer 22

Ablation

Question 23

It relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs. It deals with the machinery of the body —for example, the chemical reactions that enable hormones to influence brain activity and the routes by which brain activity controls muscle contractions.

Answer 23

physiological explanation

Question 24

It describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.

Answer 24

ontogenetic explanation

Question 25

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior.

Answer 25

An evolutionary explanation

Question 26

describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did. Within a small, isolated population, a gene can spread by accident through a process called genetic drift.

Answer 26

functional explanation