Introduction of chemistry Flashcards
- What is the classification of matter based on physical state?
Solid, liquid, gas.
- What is the charge of an electron?
Negative.
- How many basic parts does an atom consist of?
Three - electrons, protons, neutrons.
- What is a compound made of?
Two or more elements chemically bonded.
- What is the smallest particle of a compound called?
Molecule.
- Give an example of a mixture.
Brine, sugar in water (syrup), cereal in milk.
- What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Number of protons per atom.
- Define electrovalent bonding.
Ionic bonding - transfer of ions between atoms.
- When does covalent bonding occur?
When atoms share electrons.
- What is a polar covalent bond characterized by?
Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
- Define hydrogen bonding.
Strong attraction between molecules with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electron-withdrawing atom.
- Name the building blocks of all matter.
Elements.
- What is the chemical constitution of matter based on?
Elements, compounds, or mixtures.
- What is the charge of a proton?
Positive.
- How is hydrogen and oxygen in water classified?
Elements.
- What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (charge of zero).
- What is the composition of an element?
Atoms with the same atomic number.
- What is a compound composed of?
Two or more chemically bonded elements.
- What does a molecule consist of?
Chemical bonding of two or more atoms.
- Define a mixture.
Material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances.
- Explain the significance of the atomic number.
Represents the number of protons per atom.
- Describe covalent bonding.
Atoms share electrons, common in non-metal bonding.
- What characterizes a non-polar covalent bond?
Equal sharing of electrons between atoms.
- What is the strength of a hydrogen bond compared to a covalent bond?
5% to 10%.
