Introduction of Hospital Pharmacy Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Who is Aesculapius?
A
(God of Medicine and Healing)
2
Q
Give the Different Ancient Health Care
A
a. Greek (400-300 B.C)
b. Early Rome (200-500 A.D)
c. Spread of Christianity
d. Egypt
e. Middle Ages
3
Q
Where Hippocrates practiced medicine and pharmacy
A
Temple on the Greek Island of Cos
4
Q
What are the treatment included when Hippocrates practiced medicine and pharmacy?
A
✓ Herbal medicines
✓ Mineral baths – hot springs, salt springs
✓ Exercises
✓ Fresh sea air
✓ Sunshine
5
Q
In Greek era illnesses are what? And treatment is?
A
- punishments from the gods,
- trial and error
6
Q
A wealthy Roman woman who donated her palace for the care of the sick and
injured and personally cared for their needs
A
Fabiola
7
Q
The care for the sick became a civil responsibility
A
Fall of the Roman Empire
8
Q
Hospitals were endowed by wealthy citizens who frequently cared for the sick as volunteers in what era?
A
Early Rome (200-500 A.D)
9
Q
What is the 4th Century A.D in Spread of Christianity?
A
Council Of Nicea
10
Q
In council of nicea bishops are required to what?
A
To provide a shelter for the care of the sick
11
Q
Hospital name in Egypt
A
The great Al-Mansur Hospital in Cairo, Egypt
12
Q
The great Al-Mansur Hospital in Cairo, Egypt is an example of what?
A
the Arabs’ interest and
dedication to health care. It is the first the hospital to have a variety of areas for particular diseases,
out-patient clinics, convalescent areas, diet kitchens and a large medical library.
13
Q
What year did the Black Plague started?
A
1350
14
Q
Plague that killed almost 1/3 of the inhabitants of Europe
A
Black Plague (1350)
15
Q
Why did church forbade clerics from performing surgery?
A
because it involves a lot of blood loss
16
Q
What year did the churches forbade clerics from performing surgery?
A
1163
17
Q
Give the 4 Pre- and Post- Renaissance Period
A
a. St. Camillus de Lellis
b. Pope Sixtus V
c. 18th Century
d. United States
18
Q
In what period did military hospitals begin to take shape?
A
United States
19
Q
Who founded a religious order in 1568?
A
St. Camillus de Lellis
20
Q
Who authorized the red cross as a special symbol designating the special service provided by the
order in the care of patients.
A
Pope Sixth V
21
Q
It is the symbol seen in battlefields and is a famous relief orgaization?
A
the International Red Cross
22
Q
One of the largest hospitals in Europe founded in 717?
A
Hospital of the Holy Spirit
23
Q
Founded a religious order in 1568?
A
the Cleric’s Regular Servants of the Sick at the Hospital of
St. James in Rome.
24
Q
Founded by the Quakers as an alms house to give relief to the sick, the
incurables, poor and orphans and abandoned infants
A
Philadelphia General Hospital (1713)
25
1st American Hospital founded in 1751
Pennsylvania Hospital
26
He is the first American Hospital Pharmacist
Benjamin Franklin Jonathan Roberts
27
He pioneered several hospital pharmacies practices in the late 1800s
Charles Rice
28
Bristol Royal Hospital (period)
1st voluntary hospital in the provinces
(18th century)
29
18th century
Many hospitals were built in England to provide diagnosis and treatment for the poor
30
Guy’s Hospital in London
Built in 1740 and provided free care through a ticket admission system
31
Who is the Chief Pharmacist in the Bellevue Hospital in New York City
Charles Rice
32
In the Mid 1800, what do people believed?
they believed that diet and lifestyle are enough to heal
the sick
33
In 1800, US has only _____ hospitals. And hospitals played __________________
- 2
- small role in health care
34
What year did the number of hospitals doubled?
1870 – 1880s
35
______________ were built which improved services and were willing
to train or obtain training for nuns in pharmacy
Roman Catholic Hospital
36
In what year small hospitals grew in number?
1890's
37
In the year 1890's they relied the supply of medication on?
The community pharmacies
38
Year where it is More organized division of labor, more specialization in medical practice
1990's
39
1920's
- Advent of hospital pharmacy formulary
- Alcohol was prohibited
- Pharmacists were needed for both inventory control and to manufacture alcohol-containing
preparations
40
1930s
- Many pharmacy-related issues arose. The American Hospital Association (AHA) created
a Committee of Pharmacy to analyze the problems and make recommendations
Committee Goals:
✓ Develop minimum standards for hospital pharmacy departments
*minimum standards are minimum requirements needed to be able to put up a
hospital pharmacy
✓ Prepare a manual of Pharmacy operations
- The AHA stated that “any hospital of more than 100 beds warrants the employment of a
registered pharmacist”
41
1936
- Edward Spease promulgated the concept of a Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
(PTC), a formal mechanism by which the pharmacy department and medical staff would
communicate about drug issues
42
1950 – 1960s
- Sterile solution preparation – production of distilled water and the manufacture of large
volume sterile solutions were major pharmacy activities in medium and large hospitals
- Improvement of Drug Distribution Systems
✓ Centralized pharmacy and decentralized pharmacy
✓ William Heller and William Tester pioneered the Unit Dose Drug Distribution
System (UDDDS) a division of a big dose to smaller doses/ unit dose
43
(UDDDS) meaning
Unit Dose Drug Distribution
System
44
Promulgated the concept of PTC?
Edward Spease
45
Sterile solution preparation
– production of distilled water and the manufacture of large
volume sterile solutions were major pharmacy activities in medium and large hospitals
46
1985
Product orientation to clinical orientation – a patient centered practice where the well-being
of the patient is always considered first
47
Product orientation to clinical orientation
a patient centered practice where the well-being
of the patient is always considered first
48
Requires concern for those afflicted with mental disorders
- In Arab countries, asylums for psychiatric patients were built that provide gardens,
fountains, pleasant music and a healthy setting where drugs, baths and good nutrition were
given to the patients
- Town of Gheel in Belgium – outstanding in the care of psychiatric patients
- The 19th Century continued in the manner of dealing mental patients by separating them
from family and society
- During the 20th Century, appropriate use of psychiatric drugs and various treatment
methods allowed many patients to leave custodial care and assume activities of daily living
49
asylums for psychiatric patients were built that provide gardens,
fountains, pleasant music and a healthy setting where drugs, baths and good nutrition were
given to the patients
In Arab country
50
Outstanding in the care of psychiatric patients
Town of Gheel in Belgium
51
___________________ continued in the manner of dealing mental patients by separating them
from family and society
The 19th Century
52
___________________________, appropriate use of psychiatric drugs and various treatment
methods allowed many patients to leave custodial care and assume activities of daily living
During the 20th Century,
53
In current trends the Possible Health Care goals are:
✓ Discover and develop a cure for AIDS or other viral infections
✓ Cure for cancer
✓ Prevention of epidemics
✓ Cloning of organs
✓ Alternative medicines
✓ High technology diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
✓ Pharmacobiothechnology products
✓ Promote general wellness and prolong life expectancy
54
It is a health care service, which compresses the art, practice and profession of
choosing, preparing, sorting, compounding and dispensing medicines and medical devices, advising
health care professionals and patients on their safe, effective and efficient use.
Hospital Pharmacy
55
It is A specialized field of pharmacy which forms an integral part of patient health care in a health facility.
Hospital Pharmacy
56
The department or service in a hospital which is under the direction of professionally competent,legally qualified pharmacist and from which all medications are supplied to the nursing units and other services
Hospital Pharmacy
57
Hospital pharmacists provide services to patients and health professionals in hospitals
Why is it unique? Because the pharmacist does the following:
✓ Participate in ward rounds
✓ Take patient drug histories
✓ Involvement in decision making
✓ Writing guidelines for drug use
✓ Therapeutic committee
✓ Compounding of IV and sterile products
58
What are the goals of a Hospital Pharmacist?
✓ To provide the benefits of a qualified hospital pharmacist
✓ Assure high quality professional practice
✓ Promote research in hospital and pharmacy practice
✓ Disseminate pharmaceutical knowledge
59
Hospitals are the traditional facilities for the care of the ill and injured.
Hospital
60
It is just one of
the many facilities that provide patient care.
Hospital
61
Treats conditions that occur suddenly and require immediate attention.
Emergency room:
62
Provides specialized equipment and continuous care and monitoring for
patients with serious illnesses or injuries.
Intensive Care unit (ICU):
63
Provides specialized equipment and continuous care and monitoring for patients with serious heart conditions.
Cardiac care Unit (CCU):
64
Provides care for patients who are seriously ill, but do not need a high level of specialized
equipment and continuous nursing care.
General Unit
65
Provides lower level care while patients need is assessed and
arrangement made to release patients to return home or enter a long term care facility.
Transitional Care Unit (TCU)
66
It focuses on assisting patients in regaining as high a level of normal function as possible.
Rehabilitation Unit
67
It is refer to those that do not require hospitalization.
Ambulatory Services
68
Other name for Ambulatory Services
Outpatient services
69
Activities, meals and supervision for adults who needed
assistance such as the elderly and developmentally disabled.
Adult Day Care
70
Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of problems with teeth
Dental Offices
71
Procedures, such as radiography, to determine the cause and nature of diseases and injuries.
Diagnostic Centers
72
Care for conditions that need immediate attention
Emergency and urgent care
73
Clinical labs draw blood and collect urine and other samples.
Perform – tests that provide information needed to diagnoses,
treat or prevent disease. Dental labs makes dentures, crowns
and corrective devices for the mouth.
Laboratories
74
Routine physical; preventive measures such as immunizations, educational programs about nutrition, exercise and so on.
Wellness centers
75
Outpatient surgeries, which do not require hospitalization
Surgical Centers
76
Treatment for specific conditions such as cancer and venereal
disease; rehabilitative services such as hand therapy, psychological counseling and many others
Specialty clinics and offices
77
Therapies to help patients regain maximum physical and
mental function, types include physical occupation speech
and hearing. A specialized center assists patients to overcome
problems with substance abuse.
Rehabilitation centers
78
Basic and preventive care for employees, students and
prisoners
Health Care services in
companies, school and prison.,
79
This is one of the fastest growing area in health care and offers an
increasing number of services for patients.
Long terms Care Facilities.
80
It is available for people who do need to hospitalized, but are unable to live at home.
Long terms Care Facilities.
81
Facilities available in Long term Care Facilities
* Nursing homes
* Assisted living residence
* Continuing care community
82
Maybe Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) that provides nursing and rehabilitation
services on a 24 hour basis or Intermediate Care Facilities (ICF) that provides personal care, social
services and regular nursing care for individuals who do not require 24 hours nursing but are unable
to care for themselves.
Nursing homes
83
provides housing meals, and personal care to individuals who need help with daily living activities, but do not need daily nursing care. The level of assistance provided depends on individual needs. This type of residence is also known by other names such as supportive housing, residential long term care facilities, adult, residential care facilities, board and care and rest homes.
Assisted living residence
84
provides a variety of living arrangements that support lifestyles a they change from independent living to the need for regular medical and nursing care. Additional services, such as meals and daily nurse visits, can be contracted for as required.
Continuing care community
85
In this area of tremendous growth, various levels of services and care
are being provided to patients in their homes.
Home Health Care providers.
86
List o Home Health Care providers?
a. registered and practical nurses;
b. Physical therapist;
c. Occupational therapists,
d. Speech therapists;
e. Medical social workers,
f. Home health aide;
87
Check patients progress and change dressing; check healing of wounds, remove sutures following surgery.
registered and practical nurses;
88
provide physical exercises, work to increase physical stamina and movement, monitor
progress following injury or surgery.
Physical therapist;
89
educate patients on self-care; administer medications.
registered and practical nurses;
90
assists patients in attaining maximum function and perform ADLS as
independently as possible.
Occupational therapists,
91
help patients recover speech and ability to swallow.
Speech therapists;
92
assists with financial planning and arranging for in home help or placement in
the appropriate facilities.
Medical social workers
93
provide personal care such as bathing and grooming and follow care plans developed
and monitored by nurses.
Home health aide
94
It is refers to palliative care (relief of symptoms but not cure the disease) and support
provided to dying patients and their families. Movement began in England and is growing in the U.S. are more people learn
about its benefits.
Hospice
95
NEW TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE
1. WELLNESS:
2. COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES:
2.1 Osteopathy and Chiropractic:
2.2 Homeopathy:
2.3 Holistic Medicine:
2.4 Energy Theories:
96
Using hands 1-3 inches from the
body to direct energy flow
Therapeutic Touch (Dr. Dolores Krieger)
97
Pressure points on the body
Acupressure (Chinese)
98
Insertion of small needles
Acupressure (Chinese)
99
Positioning and moving of hands
over the body and touching
pressure points
Polarity Therapy (Dr. Randolph Stone)
100
Japanese form of acupressure
Shiatsu (Japanese)
101
Pressure points on the feet
Reflexology (>>)
102
Work with energy filed
surrounding the body
Healing Touch (Janet Mantgen, RN)
103
Another area of growing interest concerns the body’s energy.
Energy Theories:
104
Like cure's like
Homeopathy
105
the belief that the body can protect
itself against disease if the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, is in good order.
Osteopathy
106
based on the belief that
pressure on the nerves leaving the spinal column causes pain and/ or dysfunction of the body part served by that nerve. Treatment involves manipulation of the spine to correct misalignments.
Chiropractic
107
Also known as “alternative therapies”.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES:
108
practices such as the use of herbs and plants to treat symptoms, teaching patients meditation as a way to promote healing and acknowledging the influence of the mind on physical symptoms. While
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
109
It is the promotion of health through preventive measures and the practice of good health habits.
WELLNESS
110
This is an expansion of the traditional view of health as the absence of disease.
WELLNESS
111
