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INTRODUCTION PT 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Like multiprocessor systems, but multiple systems working together

A

CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

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2
Q

Usually sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)

A

CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

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3
Q
  • Provides a high-availability service which survives failures
A

CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

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4
Q

WHAT DOES SAN MEANS?

A

STORAGE AREA NETWORK

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5
Q

2 TYPES OF CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

A

ASYMMETRIC CLUSTERING

SYMMETRIC CLUSTERING

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6
Q
  • has one machine in hot-standby mode
A

ASYMMETRIC CLUSTERING

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7
Q
  • has multiple nodes running applications, monitoring each other
A

SYMMETRIC CLUSTERING

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8
Q

Applications must be written to use parallelization

A

TRUE FOR CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

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9
Q

Some clusters are for high-performance computing (HPC

A

TRUE

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10
Q

needed for efficiency in operating system structure

A

Multiprogramming

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11
Q

WHAT DOES HPC MEANS

A

High-Performance Computing

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12
Q

Single user cannot keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times

A

true

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13
Q

organizes jobs (code and data) so CPU always has one to execute

A

Multiprogramming

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14
Q
  • A subset of total jobs in system is kept in memory
A

TRUE

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15
Q

One job selected and run via job scheduling

A

TRUE

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16
Q

When it has to wait (for I/O for example), OS switches to another job

A

TRUE

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17
Q

is logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing

A

Timesharing (multitasking)

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18
Q

response time should be what

A

<1 second

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19
Q

Each user has at least one program executing in memory process

A

operating system structure

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20
Q

If several jobs ready to run at the same time

A

cpu scheduling

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21
Q

If processes don’t fit in memory, swapping moves them in and out to run

A

true

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22
Q

allows execution of processes not completely in memory

A

virtual memory

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23
Q

Interrupt driven by hardware

  • Software error or request creates _________ or ____
  • Division by zero, request for operating system service
  • Other process problems include infinite loop, processes modifying each other or the operating system
Study These Flashcards
A

exception or trap

24
Q

operation allows OS to protect itself and other system components

25
what are the 2 types of dual mode
user mode and kernel mode
26
provided by hardware
mode bit
27
Provides ability to distinguish when system is running user code or kernel code Some instructions designated as privileged, only executable in kernel mode ■ System call changes mode to kernel, return from call resets it to user
Mode bit provided by hardware
28
Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources * Set interrupt after specific period * Operating system decrements counter * When counter zero generate an interrupt * Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate program that exceeds allotted time
true
29
is a program in execution
process
30
is a passive entity, process is an active entity.
program
31
It is a unit of work within the system
process
32
Process needs resources to accomplish its task
CPU, memory, I/O, files Initialization data
33
Process termination requires reclaim of any reusable resources
TRUE
34
process has one program counter specifying location of next instruction to execute
Single-threaded
35
executes instructions sequentially, one at a time, until completion
PROCESS
36
process has one program counter per thread
MULTI THREADED
37
Typically system has many processes, some user, some operating system running concurrently on one or more CPUs
TRUE
38
Concurrency by multiplexing the CPUs among the processes / threads
TRUE
39
determines what is in memory when
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
40
All data in memory before and after processing * All instructions in memory in order to execute * Memory management determines what is in memory when * Optimizing CPU utilization and computer response to users
TRUE
41
Keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom Deciding which processes (or parts thereof) and data to move into and out of memory Allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
Memory management activities
42
OS provides uniform, logical view of information storage
TRUE
43
Abstracts physical properties to logical storage unit- file
TRUE
44
* Each medium is controlled by device (i.e., disk drive, tape drive) ■ Varying properties include access speed, capacity, data-transfer rate, access method (sequential or random)
TRUE
45
Files usually organized into directories
File-System management
46
* OS activities include ■ Creating and deleting files and directories Primitives to manipulate files and dirs Mapping files onto secondary storage Backup files onto stable (non-volatile) storage media
File-System management
47
Access control on most systems to determine who can access what
File-System management
48
Usually ____ used to store data that does not fit in main memory or data that must be kept for a "long" period of time
disks
49
Proper management is central importance
true
50
Entire speed of computer operation hinges on disk subsystem and its algorithms
true
51
OS activities
Free-space management * Storage allocation Disk scheduling
52
Tertiary storage includes
optical storage, magnetic tape
53
Still must be managed * Varies between WORM (write-once, read- many-times) and RW (read-write)
Some storage need not be fast
54
Multiprocessor environment must provide cache coherency in hardware such that all CPUs have the most recent value in their cache
true
55
Distributed environment situation even more complex Several copies of a datum can exist
true
56
allows user to change to effective ID with more rights
Privilege escalation
57
Systems generally first distinguish among users, to determine who can do what
true

OS (2 decks)

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