Introduction to anatomy

Question 1

What are the levels of organisation?

Answer 1

• atoms
• molecules
• macromolecules
• cells
• tissues
• organs
• systems
• organisms

Question 2

what are the four different types of tissues?

Answer 2

• epithelial
• connective
• muscle
• nervous

Question 3

What are the six bodily systems?

Answer 3

• respiratory system
• gastrointestinal tract
• cardiovasvular system
• renal system
• endocrine and nervous
  systems
• musculoskeletal system

Question 4

what is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

provides O2 needed for oxidation (energy provision)

Question 5

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 5

pumps blood around the body (delivers O2/nutrients, removes CO2/waste)

Question 6

what is the function of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 6

breaks down nutrients, pass to liver via portal vein

Question 7

what is the function of the renal system?

Answer 7

controls the contents of the extracellular fluid

Question 8

what is the function of the endocrine and nervous system?

Answer 8

co-ordinates organ system activity by hormones or electrical signal

Question 9

what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 9

locomotion, maintenance of posture, breathing, protection

Question 10

What are the different body regions?

Answer 10

• head/cranial
• facial
• cervical (neck)
• thorax/thoracic (ribcage)
• abdomen
• pelvis
• lumbar (lower back)
• limbs Uex/ Lex
  (upper extremity/ lower extremity

Question 11

how many regions is the abdominal region divided into?

Answer 11

9

Question 12

What are the abdominal regions?

Answer 12

• epigastric region
• umbilical region
• hypogastric region
• right/ left hypochondriac regions
• right/ left lumbar regions
• right/left iliac fossa

Question 13

sub-

Answer 13

under, beneath, smaller

Question 14

hypo-

Answer 14

under, beneath

Question 15

infra-

Answer 15

under, within, below

Question 16

super- or supra-

Answer 16

above, on top of

Question 17

epi-

Answer 17

above, upon, on top of

Question 18

fossa-

Answer 18

hollow

Question 19

inter-

Answer 19

between

Question 20

ad-

Answer 20

towards

Question 21

ab-

Answer 21

away from

Question 22

contra-

Answer 22

opposite

Question 23

ipsi-

Answer 23

same

Question 24

bi-

Answer 24

two

Question 25

uni-

Answer 25

one

Question 26

if you were to use a frontal plane, what surfaces would you end up with?

Answer 26

- anterior (front) - posterior (back)

Question 27

if you were to use a transverse plane what surfaces would you end up with?

Answer 27

- superior - inferior

Question 28

what surfaces would you get if you used a median plane?

Answer 28

- medial - lateral

Question 29

What are the four cavities of the body?

Answer 29

- cranial - thoracic - abdominal - pelvic

Question 30

what are cavities in the body used for?

Answer 30

protection

Question 31

cranial cavity

Answer 31

- formed by bones of the skull - contains the brain

Question 32

thoracic cavity

Answer 32

- formed by ribs, intercostal muscles, root of neck, diaphragm - contains: - trachea, 2 bronchi, 2 lungs - heart, aorta, superior and inferior vana cava - oesophagus - lymph vessels and nodes - some importnt nerves

Question 33

abdominal cavity

Answer 33

- largest cavity in the body - formed by diaphragm, ant/lat/posterior abdominal wall