Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Superior
A
Towards the head
2
Q
Inferior
A
Away from the head
3
Q
Anterior/Ventral
A
Towards the front of the body
4
Q
Posterior/Dorsal
A
Toward the back of the body
5
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the point of attachment
6
Q
Distal
A
Further away from the point of attachment
7
Q
Medial
A
Closer to the mid-line
8
Q
Lateral
A
Further from the mid-line
9
Q
Superficial
A
Toward the surface of the body
10
Q
Deep
A
Farther away from the surface
11
Q
Visceral
A
Membrane that covers the organ
12
Q
Parietal
A
Membrane that covers the cavity
13
Q
Supine
A
Body face up, palms up
14
Q
Prone
A
Body face down, palms down
15
Q
Head
A
Cranium
16
Q
Neck
A
Cervical
17
Q
Chest
A
Thorax
18
Q
Abdominal
A
Abdomen
19
Q
Armpit
A
Axilla
20
Q
Upper Arm
A
Brachium
21
Q
Thigh
A
Femoral
22
Q
Sole for Foot
A
Plantar
23
Q
Nerve
A
Neuro
24
Q
Muscle
A
Myo
25
Stomach
Gastric
26
Liver
Hepatic
27
Kidney
Renal
28
Bone
Osteo
29
Cardilage
Chondro
30
Lung
Pleural
31
Heart
Cardiac
32
What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
33
What is Physiology?
The study of how the parts of the body work and carry out their life sustaining activities
34
What is Homeostasis?
Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions within a changing enviornment
35
Sagittal
The body is split into right and left portions
36
Mid-sagittal
The body is split into equal right and left portions
37
Frontal/Coronal
The body split into front and back halves
38
Transverse
Body split into superior (top) and Inferior (bottom)
39
Cross Section
Vertical cut on a cylindrical body part
40
Longitudinal
Lengthwise cut on a cylindrical body part
41
Oblique
Diagonal cut on a cylindrical body part
42
Facilitated diffusion
high to low; no energy; protein channels
43
Active diffusion
Low; energy; protein channels
44
What does cell respiration do?
Breaks down food and enzymes in to energy (ATP)
45
Can cell respiration occur in the Ribosome?
No, the mitochondria
46
What do organic substances have that inorganic don't?
Carbon
47
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
selective barrier, and movement of substances
48
Functions of muscular system
Movement
49
Intercalated discs
cardiac muscle
50
What is the most abundant chemical compound?
Water
50
Endomysium
innermost layer
51
Is a carbohydrate a soluble?
Yes
51
myocardium
Thick layer around heart
52
What does Hypertonic mean?
higher solute concentration on the outside of a cell; cell shrinks
52
Myelinated Nerve
Jumps from node-node; travels faster
53
Cell structure that transmits impulse
Plasma Membrane
54
Cerebrum
Language, muscle, speech
NOT endocrine glands
NOT heart rate
55
Cerebellum
heart rate, balance
56
What does Hypotonic mean?
lower solute concentration on the outside of a cell; cell swells
56
Hypothalamus
food, water, autonomic nervous system
57
What 4 elements are in body?
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Carbon
57
Thalamus
Switchboard, control impulses
58
Where are the phospholipids located?
Cell membrane
58
Layers of meninges
Dura Mater- tough
Arachnoid Mater- Middle
Pia Mater- Innermost
59
Subarachnoid Layer
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
60
Axon/Dendrite difference
Direction
61
How does brain determine strength of impulse?
Frequency
62
What is the enzyme that breaks down peroxide?
Peroxisome
62
What isnt true about Acetylcholine?
It lacks in skeletal muscle
63
Fatty Tissue
Adipose
63
Pathway of blood through the heart
Superior Vena Cava- RA- Tricuspid- RV-Pulmonary Valve- Pulmonary artery- lungs- Pulmonary Veins- LA-Bicuspid- LV- Aortic- Semilunar- Aorta- Body-Inferior Vena Cava
64
Single layer of flat cells
Simple squamous Epithelium
64
Embolus
Moving blood clot
65
Single layer of cube cells
Simple cuboidal Epithelium
65
Thrombus
Stationary blood clot
66
Tendon
Bone - Muscle
67
Ligament
Bone-Bone
68
Bursitis
Inflamed bursa; pain and swelling
69
Sprain
Torn or stretched ligament
70
Voluntary, stratified tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
70
Gout
Uric acid in blood- crystals around joints
71
Striated, involuntary and branched
Cardiac muscle tissue
71
Osteoarthritis
Aging; articular cartilage degenerates; Restricted movements
72
Liquid matrix
Blood
72
Rheumatoid arthritis
Most painful; inflamed membrane; Ossified and fused bones
73
Cartilage (Ear and Epiglotis)
Elastic tissue
73
Example of Compact bone
Wall of diaphysis
74
Single layer for cylindrical cells
Simple columnar epithelium
75
Forms layers of skin
Stratified squamous epithelium
76
Loose connective tissue
Areolar Tissue
79
What do goblet cells do?
Create mucus
82
What does the ceremumous do?
secrets ear wax
83
What do keratinocytes do?
Fill the cytoplasm and make it water proof
84
What is the erector pili?
The muscle that creates goosebumps
85
What are finger nails?
Continuation of the epidermis; hard keratin
86
What are the 3 types of skin pigment?
- Melanin (dark)
- Hemoglobin (pink/red)
- Caroten (Orange)
87
What is acne?
oil glands
88
How is Melanoma different from the other types of skin cancer?
Has the ability to spread through the body
90
What are the dangers to a burn patient?
Loss of fluids and infection
91
What are example of a hinge joint?
Extension, flexion (elbow/knee)
92
Bone out of joint is a________
dislocation
97
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?
Vertebral, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx
101
What does red bone marrow do?
Produces cells
102
What does yellow marrow do?
Stores fat
103
What are the 4 stages to fix a bone?
1. Blood clot forms and bleeding stops (minutes)
2. Fibrous tissue-callus grows and knits bones together (days)
3. Sponge bone callus , forms a patch to hold broken ends together (weeks)
4. Spongy bone is broken down and broken down by osteo clasts and replaced by compact bone
104
An open break means_______________
It's through the skin
105
Spongy
Red bone marrow
106
What's included in the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sacrum
107
Greater tubercle is on the __________
Humerus
108
What's included in the Appendicular skeleton?
Pelvis and everything below, arms, clavical and scapula
109
COPD
Respiratory failure
110
TB
Spreads through coughing; Affects lungs
111
Asthma
Inflammation of bronchial tubes; spasms
112
Synovial Joint
Free movement in multiple planes
113
Fibrous Joint
Suture
114
Greater Trochanter is on the ____________
Femur
115
Flexion
Decreasing angle between two bones (ulna to humerus)
116
Extension
increasing angle between two bones (ulna moving from humerus to femur)
117
Abduction
Movement of limb away from the mid-line (Spreading fingers)
118
Adduction
Movement for limbs toward the mid-line (squeezing fingers together)
119
Circumduction
Movement of a bone around an axis (moving wrist in a 360 circle)
120
Rotation
Pivoting or twisting a bone on an axis (moving head, looking from side to side)
121
Supination
Turning hand to be palm up
122
Pronation
Turning hand to be palm down
123
Plantar Flexion
Moving ankle to point toes downward
124
Dorsi-flexion
Moving ankle to point toes upward
125
Inversion
Turning ankle so sole of foot faces medially
126
Eversion
Turning ankle so sole of foot faces laterally
127
