Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

Define flexion

Answer 1

decreasing the angle at a joint

Question 2

Define extension

Answer 2

increasing the angle at a joint

Question 3

Define Adduction

Answer 3

movement of a limb towards the midline

Question 4

Define Abduction

Answer 4

movement away from the midline

Question 5

Pronation

Answer 5

turn down (Arms)

Question 6

Supination

Answer 6

turn upwards. (Arms)

Question 7

Elevation

Answer 7

life up shoulder

Question 8

Depression

Answer 8

push shoulders down

Question 9

Circumduction

Answer 9

movement of joint in circular motion

Question 10

Rotation

Answer 10

movement around 1 point of axis

Question 11

What are the four constituents of the thoracic cage

Answer 11

Ribs, Vertebrae and discs, sternum, costal cartilage

Question 12

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

Answer 12

to protect viscera and aid muscle attachment

Question 13

Which Ribs are the true ribs?

Answer 13

1-7

Question 14

Which Ribs are the false ribs?

Answer 14

8-10

Question 15

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

Answer 15

11-12

Question 16

Which are your typical ribs?

Answer 16

3-9

Question 17

Which are the atypical ribs?

Answer 17

1,2,10,11,12

Question 18

what is a true rib?

Answer 18

Rib, costal cartilage, sternum

Question 19

what are false ribs?

Answer 19

those which join the sternum by connecting to the cartilage of rib 7

Question 20

What are the floating ribs?

Answer 20

no costal cartilage
end in musculature
attached just to the vertebra

Question 21

What are the features of a typical rib?

Answer 21

Head with 2 facets, Neck, Tubercle, Body (Shaft) with costal grove (subcostal)

Question 22

what is the role of the two Demi facets on the head of a typical Rib?

Answer 22

articulation with the vertebra

Question 23

What is the role of the tubercle?

Answer 23

articulation with transverse processor on the vertebra

Question 24

What is the purpose of the costal groove?

Answer 24

To carry a vein artery and nerve

Question 25

What is the joint at the end of the rib?

Answer 25

costochondral joint

Question 26

The thoracic vertebra is composed of which two processes?

Answer 26

the transverse processes and the spinous processes

Question 27

What are the facets on the transverse processors?

Answer 27

costal facets

Question 28

What part of the vertebrae points inferiorly?

Answer 28

the spinous process

Question 29

How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?

Answer 29

12

Question 30

What is the role of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 30

shock absorbers (cartilage)

Question 31

Which two joints aid the movement of the ribs up when breathing in?

Answer 31

Costovertabral joint and costotransverse joint

Question 32

What does the Costochondral joint do?

Answer 32

joins rib and cartilage

Question 33

What do the intercondral joint do?

Answer 33

where the costal cartilages join together

Question 34

What do the Sternocostal joints do?

Answer 34

where the costal cartilage joins the sternum

Question 35

What do the sternoclavicular joints do?

Answer 35

Join the sternum to the clavicles

Question 36

The transverse process articulates with which part of the rib? and what joint is this

Answer 36

The tubercle | COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT

Question 37

Two adjacent vertabrae articulate with what to form the COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT?

Answer 37

the head of the rib, its Demi facets

Question 38

What is the origin or proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Answer 38

Clavicle and sternum

Question 39

What is the insertion or distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Answer 39

Humerus

Question 40

What are the two functions of the pectoralis major?

Answer 40

Adducts humerus | Medially rotates humerus

Question 41

What is the pectoralis major's innervation?

Answer 41

Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves

Question 42

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 42

Ribs 3,4,5

Question 43

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 43

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 44

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 44

Stabilises the scapula

Question 45

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 45

Medial pectoral nerves

Question 46

What are the three layers of intercostal muscle?

Answer 46

External, Internal and Innermost

Question 47

What direction do the external intercostal muscles go in?

Answer 47

(hands in front pockets) | In anterior inferior direction

Question 48

What direction do the internal intercostal muscles go in?

Answer 48

(hands in back pocket) | In posterior inferior direction

Question 49

What supplies the intercostal muscles?

Answer 49

intercostal artery, vein and nerve which run in the subcostal groove

Question 50

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

Answer 50

Ribs 1-8

Question 51

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 51

medial border of the scapula

Question 52

What is the function of the serratus anterior?

Answer 52

Protracts the scapula | punch forward

Question 53

What is the serratus anterior's innervation?

Answer 53

Long thoracic nerve

Question 54

What 2 arteries supply the thoracic wall?

Answer 54

Thoracic aorta ------------------>posterior intercostal arteries Subclavian artery ---> Anterior intercostal arteries