Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

the scientific study of the body’s structures

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of the larger structures of the body without magnification

Question 3

Another name for gross anatomy

Answer 3

macroscopic anatomy

Question 4

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

study of strucutres that can be observed only with microscope or other forms of magnification

Question 5

Define Physiology

Answer 5

scientific study of the chemistry and the physics of the structures of the body and how they work together

Question 6

Structures (____________) determines function (_______________)

Answer 6

Anatomy, physiology

Question 7

If Anatomy/Structure changes, the _____________ must change

Answer 7

function/physiology

Question 8

If __________________ changes, the function/physiology must change

Answer 8

Anatomy/Structure

Question 9

Order of level of organization

Answer 9

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

Question 10

8 NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS

Answer 10

1. Maintain boundaries
2. Movement (locomotion and move substances)
3. Responsiveness (ability to sense changes & react)
4. Digestion (Breakdown & absorption of nutrients)
5. Metabolism (chemical reactions within the body)
6. Excretion (eliminates metabolic waste through urine or feces)
7. Reproduction
8. Growth

Question 11

Survival Needs

Answer 11

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Stable body temp (37C/98F)
5. Atmospheric pressure

Question 12

Define Homeostasis

Answer 12

maintenace of a stable internal enviroment (dynamic state of equilibrium, necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life)

Question 13

Define Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 13

A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease

Question 14

examples of homeostatic imbalance

Answer 14

heart failure and diabetes

Question 15

Negative feedback

Answer 15

most homeostatic control mechanisms

Shuts off the stimulus or reduces its intensity

Question 16

positive feedback

Answer 16

increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther, reaction occurs at a faster rate

Question 17

examples of positive feedback

Answer 17

blood clotting and giving birth to a baby

Question 18

what is a stimulus?

Answer 18

produces the change in the variable (is the reason why the homeostasis is unbalanced)

Question 19

what is a receptor?

Answer 19

the thing that detectsthe change

Question 20

what is the integration center?

Answer 20

the thing that recieves the signal

Question 21

what is the effector?

Answer 21

the response to the stimulus

Question 22

what is an example of the homeostasis process?

Answer 22

Stimulus - high temp
Receptor - nerves in skin and body
integration - brain 
effector - sweaty and thirsty 
response - cool down

Question 23

What is input in homeostasis cycle?

Answer 23

Information is sent along different pathway to the control center

Question 24

WHAT IS OUTPUT IN THE HOMEOSTASIS CYCLE?

Answer 24

INFORMATION IS SENT ALONG THE EFFERENT PATHWAY TO THE EFFECTOR

Question 25

What does afferent mean?

Answer 25

conducting or conducted inward or toward something

Question 26

What does efferent mean?

Answer 26

conducted or conducting outward or away from something

Question 27

Digestive system function

Answer 27

process food for use by body | removes waste from undigested food

Question 28

cardiovascular system function

Answer 28

deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues | equalizes temp in the body

Question 29

nervous system function

Answer 29

detects and processes sensory information | activates bodily responses

Question 30

urinary system function

Answer 30

controls water balance in the body | removes wastes from blood and excretes them

Question 31

respiratory system function

Answer 31

removes carbon dioxide from body | delivers oxygen to body

Question 32

skeletal system function

Answer 32

supports the body | enables movement

Question 33

muscular system function

Answer 33

enables movement with the skeletal system | Helps maintain body temperature

Question 34

Endocrine system function

Answer 34

secretes hormones | regulates bodily processes

Question 35

integumentary system function

Answer 35

encloses internal body strucutres | site of many sensory receptors

Question 36

Respiratory system major organs

Answer 36

Nasal passage trachea lungs

Question 37

skeletal system major organs

Answer 37

cartilage bones joint

Question 38

muscular system major organs

Answer 38

skeletal muscles | tendon

Question 39

endocrine system major organs

Answer 39

``` pituitary gland thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands testes/ovaries ```

Question 40

integumentary system major organs

Answer 40

hair skin nails

Question 41

digestive system major organs

Answer 41

``` stomach liver gallbladder large intestine small intestine ```

Question 42

cardiovascular systen

Answer 42

heart | blood vessels

Question 43

nervous system major organs

Answer 43

brain spinal cord peripheral nerves

Question 44

urinary system major organs

Answer 44

kidney | urinary bladder