Introduction To Antibiotics - Straudinger

Question 1

Ab target what for gram +

Answer 1

Cell wall, membrane integrity, folate synthesis (needed to make some purines)

Question 2

Ab target what for gram -

Answer 2

RNA/DNA synthesis (metronidazol)

Protein Synthesis

Question 3

B-Lactam Abs

structure and examples

Answer 3

• has a B-lactam ring

- Penicillins (amoxicillin, flucoxicillin) + Cephalosporins (Cefalexin)

Question 4

B-Lactam Abs
MOA
side effects

Answer 4

Inhibition of Cell wall synthesis

allergic reaction

Question 5

Benzathine Penicillin
used for
pregnancy

Answer 5

strep, diphtheria, syphilis, yaws, + prevent RF

safe

Question 6

Benzathine Penicillin

common side effects

Answer 6

syphilis : Jarisch- Herxherimer reaction can happen

others : anaphylaxis, pain,

Question 7

Beta-Lactamase Enzymes

Answer 7

some bacteria that are sensitive to oxaxillin make these enzymes to resist Abs (a type of penicillinase that does not get degraded)

Question 8

Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases

Answer 8

multidrug resistant

Question 9

how to prevent resistance

Answer 9

• use B-Lactamase Inhibitors + B-Lactam antibiotics

- add Tazobactam to Piperacillin : helps bind B- Lactamase more efficiently

Question 10

when do you use Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Answer 10

Pseudomonas Infections

• Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PID, Intra-abd infection, Cellulitis, Sepsis, Pneumonia)
• Piperacillin = B-lactam Ab
• Tazobactam = B-lactamase inhibitor

Question 11

Ceftriaxone is what and used for

Answer 11

B-lactam –> Cephalasporin–> 3rd generation

1. pneumonia
2. Ecoli
3. Meningitis
   * broad spectrum

Question 12

piperacillin is what

Answer 12

B-lactam–> penicillin

Question 13

how to treat acute polynephritis

Answer 13

Ceftriaxone
- intravenous Ceftriaxone/gentamicin
+
- oral fluoroquinolone regime

Question 14

Cefaclor is what and MOA

Answer 14

B-lactam –> Cephalosporins –> 2nd generation

• inhibit cell wall synthesis
• 6 membered ring (1-2% cross reactivity with penicillin)= okay to take ONLY if minor allergic reaction to Penicillin

Question 15

MSSA and ORSA

Answer 15

Methicillin - susceptible Staph Aures
Oxacillin - resistant Staph aures
*both make penicillin (subtype of b-lactamase that does not get destroyed) = treat with Vancomycin

Question 16

Macrolides examples

Answer 16

1. Clarithromycin
2. Azithromycin
3. erythromycin

Question 17

Macrolides MOA

Answer 17

inhibit protein synthesis so bacteria die

Question 18

Macrolides adverse effects

Answer 18

inhibition of CYPP450

elongates QT interval abd Torsade de pointes

Question 19

Aminoglycosides MOA
structure
ex

Answer 19

inhibit protein synthesis
amino sugar structures
neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin

Question 20

Aminoglycosides used for

Answer 20

sepsis, intrabdominal infections, UTI complications, RESP infections nosocomial

Question 21

Chloramphenicol used for

MOA

Answer 21

conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, typhoid fever

inhibit protein synthesis

Question 22

Chloramphenicol side effects

Answer 22

bone marrow suppression, N, D, gray baby syndrome (swollen tummy + low BP)

Question 23

Glycopeptides MOA and used for

Answer 23

MRSA and ORSA that are resistant to Vancomycin

inhibit bacteria cell wall synthesis

Question 24

Quinolone Antibiotics
MOA
structures
example

Answer 24

X bacterial DNA replication and transcription

• Levofloxacin, Trovafloxacin
• carboxylic acid group attached

Question 25

Quinolone Antibiotics resistance

Answer 25

high resistance

Question 26

Quinolone Antibiotics used for and side effects

Answer 26

Sickle Cell Disease, Urinary infections from hospital, community acquired infections : can cause osteomyelitis, can enter bone

Question 27

Quinolone Antibiotics use when

Answer 27

other drugs used are resistant

Question 28

Oxazolidinoes MOA

Answer 28

inhibit protein synthesis

Question 29

Oxazolidinoes use for

Answer 29

resistant gram + bacteria (strep, staph, enterococci) | - TB, skin infection, pneumonia

Question 30

Sulfonamides MOA

Answer 30

prevent growth of bacteria

Question 31

Sulfonamides used for and side effects

Answer 31

Vaginal yeast infections | allergic reactions

Question 32

Tetracyclines MOA

Answer 32

inhibit protein + no growth

Question 33

Tetracyclines used for

Answer 33

chlamydia, Rickettsia (RMSF, typhus), Spirochetal : Brucellosis, Lyme, Syphilis, borreliosis L. venerum

Question 34

Tetracyclines side effects

Answer 34

do NOT take during pregnancy | prevent bone growth and stain teeth