Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP1 = Core Micobiology > Introduction to Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Introduction to Antimicrobials Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Symptoms of severe allergic reaction =

A 
> Anaphylaxis
> Urticaria (Hives) 
> Angio-oedema 
> Bronchospams
> Severe skin rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major component of bacterial cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do Quinolones and Fluroquinolones do?

A

Inhibit enzymes DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. (END IN FLOXACIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GENERAL Adverse Effects include:

A 
> Nausea, vom, headache
> Allergic and Infusion
> Anti'b resistance
> Fungal infection - C.diff
> Ototoxicity (ear)
> Renal impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Peptidoglycan made from?

Hint : Gly –> Think Glucose

A

Polymer of:
> NAM = N-acetyl Muramic Acid.
> NAG = N-acetyl glucosamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What anti’bs commonly cause C.Diff?

Hint: Think “C”

A

> Cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin (Quinolones and Flouroquinolones)
Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Synergism (antimicrobials)

A

Activity of two antimicrobials together = greater than their individual activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

Bind to 30S subunit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Co-trimoxazole made up of?

A

> Trimethoprim

> Sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of a plasma membrane agent?

A

Daptomycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antibacterial Mechanisms target what kind of cells?

A

Enzymes & other critical processing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aminoglycoside adverse effect =

A

Reversible renal impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Tetracyclines work?

A

Bind to 30S subunit.
Think “T’s” !!
> –I RNA TRANSLATION
> Interfere with tRNA bind to rRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug can you use in pt’s with severe penicillin allergy?

A

AZT (Monobactam)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What forms 70S initiation complex?

A

50S and 30S.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What component do animal cell walls lack?

A

Peptidoglycan –> good for selective toxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When should single dose anaphylaxis be used?

A

Surgical Prophylaxis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Determinants of Bacterial Killing are:

A

Concentration and Time Dependant where Anti’b > MIC.

Conc Dependant = Aminoglycosides

Time Dependant = B-lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

A

> Beta-lactams - MAIN ANTIBIOTIC.

> Glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of spectrum do Carbapenems have?

A

Very Broad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stages of bacteria protein synthesis?

A

> Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Ribosome recycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of bacteria do Monobactams only work on?

A

Gram-negative bacteria.

> AZT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Less commonly precipitating anti’bs to C.diff?

A

> Aminoglycosides

> Glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Trimethoprim treat?

25
How do Macrolides, Lincosamides Streptogramins (MLS) work?
Bind to 50S subunit - inhibit protein elongation. | ALL END IN MYCIN
26
What is a common feature of all B-Lactams?
B-lactam ring - Analogue of D-alanyl-D-alanine.
27
Antibiotic is also known as?
Anti-bacterial agent.
28
Define: Antibiotics
Chemical products of microbes --> kill/inhibit other organisms.
29
What does Glycopeptide binding prevent?
Transpeptidase binding --I Peptidoglycan cross-linking.
30
What does Rifampicin target?
RNA Polymerase --I Stop mRNA forming.
31
Linezolid adverse effect =
Bone marrow depression
32
What does Bacteriostatic mean?
Inhibit bacteria growth/division --I Protein synthesis.
33
What are Aminoglycosides?
Protein synthesis inhibitors. | > Gentamicin, Amikacin
34
How do Glycopeptides work?
Bind to D-Alanyl-D-Alanine (B Lactam Ring) on NAM - Peptidoglycans.
35
What drugs can you use in pt's with minor penicillin allergy?
Carbapenems and Cephalosporins.
36
Define: Selective Toxicity
Toxic to bacteria, not to host. - Attack target present in bacteria, not in human. - Attack significantly different target in human host.
37
Where does protein synthesis in bacteria occur?
Ribosome.
38
B-lactams adverse effect =
ALLERGIC REACTION General = ~10% Anaphylaxis = 0.01%
39
What does a Ribonucleoprotein complex consist of?
2/3 RNA, 1/3 Protein
40
What strain of C.Diff causes severe disease?
Hypervirulent strain 027.
41
What do enzymes DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV do?
Supercoiling/strand seperation - DNA remodelling during replication.
42
Define: Indifference (antimicrobials)
Anti'm activity unaffected if another added.
43
Synergism - Streptococcal endocarditis therapy. Which drug combo?
Beta-lactam & Aminoglycoside.
44
What does Trimethoprim target?
Dihydrofolate Reductase.
45
Which types of bacteria have peptidoglycan?
Gram +ve and Gram -ve.
46
What does Bactericidal mean?
KILL Bacteria --> Cell wall - active agents.
47
What type of bacteria do Glycopeptides work on?
ONLY Gram +ve. | > Can't penetrate Gram -ve outer membrane.
48
What type of spectrum do Penicillins have?
Narrow.
49
What do Sulphonamides target?
Dihydroperoate Synthetase
50
What most commonly causes anti-b assc diarrhoea?
C.Difficile Infection --> make toxins A/B.
51
Define : Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
MIC = Minimum anti'b concentration @ which visible growth inhibited.
52
What is Benzylpenicillin?
A Beta Lactam.
53
How do Oxazolidinones work?
Bind to 50S (maybe 70S) --I Protein synthesis. | --I Initiation complex forming.
54
How do Plasma Membrane Agents work?
CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDE- Have lipophilic tail and peptide ring. > Insert tail into membrane --> depolarise --> ion loss > Gram +ve only.
55
What type of spectrum do Cephalosporins have?
Broad.
56
Define: Antagonism (antimicrobials)
One agent diminishes another's activity
57
How do B-Lactams work?
They interfere with penicillin binding proteins. | > Transpeptidase enzymes involved in peptideoglycan cross linking.
58
What do Trimethoprim and Sulphonamides inhibit?
Folate synthesis (Folid acid = Purine synthesis precursor)
59
Combination Therapy reasons =
> Synergistic combination > Polymicrobial infection > Sepsis treatment > Reduce resistance, anti-TB chemo

CP1 = Core Micobiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions