Introduction to Biology

Question 1

What is Biology?

Answer 1

It is the study of life

Question 2

What are the two main branches of Biology?

Answer 2

Cellular Biology

Molecular Biology

Question 3

What is the difference between Cellular and Molecular Biology?

Answer 3

Cellular biology is the study of cells and the structures inside cells such as mitochondria, membrane, nucleus etc…

Molecular biology studies molecular structures of the cell such as DNA, chromosomes and genes.

Question 4

What are living things?

Answer 4

highly organized and structured and they follow a hierarchy on a scale from small to large.

Question 5

What is an atom?

Answer 5

is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter.

consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons, and they form molecules.

Question 6

What is a molecule?

Answer 6

a chemical structure consisting of at least 2 atoms held together by a chemical bond.

Question 7

What are the most biologically important molecules

Answer 7

Macromolecules

Question 8

What are macromolecules?

Answer 8

Are large molecules that are typically formed by combining smaller units called monomers.

Question 9

What are monomers?

Answer 9

small combining units such as glucose, amino acids etc…

Question 10

What is one major example of a macromolecule?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 
which is an instruction manual for an organism.

Question 11

What are cells?

Answer 11

the fundamental unit of living organisms (building blocks)

Question 12

Cell biology has been studied since_______.

Answer 12

the 16th century

Question 13

Why are viruses not considered alive?

Answer 13

They are not considered living because they are not made of cells and they have to invade & hijack a living cell in order to obtain materials to reproduce.

Question 14

What does the learning of cells allow?

Answer 14

It allows for us to see the similarities and differences among organisms.

Question 15

What can cells be classified as?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 16

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 16

are single - celled organisms that lack membrane bounded organelles and nuclei.

Question 17

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 17

They are multicellular organisms that have membraned bounded organelles and nuclei.

Question 18

What do cells combine to make?

Answer 18

They combine to make Tissues.

Question 19

What are organs?

Answer 19

Are collections of tissues grouped together based on common function.

Question 20

What is an organ system?

Answer 20

it is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs.

Question 21

What are organisms?

Answer 21

Are individual living entities.

Question 22

Who developed the first light microscope?

Answer 22

Jansen in 1595

Question 23

Who described cells in cork?

Answer 23

Hooke - 1655

Question 24

Who described cell’s nucleus from the orchid?

Answer 24

Brown- 1833

Question 25

Who proposed the cell theory (all organisms are comprised of cells)?

Answer 25

Schleiden & Schwann - 1839

Question 26

Who discovered that cells develop only from pre-existing cells by a process called cell division?

Answer 26

Rudolf Virchow - 1858

Question 27

Who first described the mitochondria?

Answer 27

Altmann- 1894

Question 28

Who described chromosomes behavior during mitosis?

Answer 28

Flemming - 1874

Question 29

Who described the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 29

Golgi- 1898

Question 30

Who described the basic structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 30

Gorter & Grendel- 1925

Question 31

Who pioneered in the field of electron microscopy and were the first to identify the E.R & many elements of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 31

Porter et.al - 1945

Question 32

What is the Modern Cell Theory?

Answer 32

1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is the structural & fxnal unit of all living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. 4. Cells contain hereditary info. which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5. Cells are similar in chemical composition. 6. All energy flow of life (metabolism & biochemistry) occurs w/in cells.

Question 33

Who first proposed the organizing hierarchical taxonomy?

Answer 33

Carl Linnaeus

Question 34

What is a genus?

Answer 34

A group of species that are most similar to each other.

Question 35

What are the 8 levels of the taxonomic system?

Answer 35

``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 36

What is the Binomial Naming System?

Answer 36

The name of a specie that consists of 2 unique names. | Is made of the genus name and the species name.