Introduction to Cardiac Pathology

Question 1

Where do coronary vessels originate?

Answer 1

Coronary ostia behind the aortic valve

Question 2

When does most coronary blood flow occur?

Answer 2

During diastole

Question 3

Which region of the heart is at greatest risk for ischemia

Answer 3

Subendocardial

Question 4

Where is SA node found

Answer 4

Junction of superior vena cave and right atrium; serves as pacemaker

Question 5

Where is AV node found?

Answer 5

Near atrium-ventricular junction; organizes and fire impulse into the Bundle of His

Question 6

How much fluid does the pericardial sac normally hold?

Answer 6

50-60 ml

Question 7

What assists the mitral valve?

Answer 7

Mitral apparatus

Question 8

What does the mitral apparatus consist of?

Answer 8

Papillary muscles and chordae tendonae; tricuspid consists of similar structures

Question 9

Pressure overload causes what?

Answer 9

Concentric hypertrophy

Question 10

Volume overload causes what?

Answer 10

Eccentric hypertrophy

Question 11

Cellular microscopic correlates?

Answer 11

Central location of nucleus with nuclear duplication

Question 12

Myocardial microscopic correlates?

Answer 12

Decrease in capillary density, increased intracapillary distance, and deposition of fibrous tissue

Question 13

Majority of left sided heart failure due to what?

Answer 13

Ischemia

Question 14

Atrial fibrillation is associated with what?

Answer 14

Mural thrombi and increased risk of embolic stroke

Question 15

Most common pure form of right sided heart failure?

Answer 15

Cor pulmonae

Question 16

Engorgement of systemic and portal vasculature involves what involving oxygen?

Answer 16

Hypoxia