INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL ORIENTATED ANATOMY

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the setting (structure) in which the events (functions) of the body occurs.

Question 2

What are the three (3) main approaches to studying anatomy?

Answer 2

1. Regional
2. Systematic
3. Clinical (applied)

Question 3

Definitions Of Regional Anatomy

Answer 3

1. Regional anatomy (topographical anatomy) considers the organization of the human body as major parts or segments, a main body, consisting of the head, neck, and trunk (subdivided into thorax, abdomen, back, and pelvis/perineum), and paired upper limbs and lower limbs.
2. Regional anatomy is the method of studying the body’s structure by
   focusing attention on a specific part (e.g., the head), area (the face), or region (the orbital or eye region); examining the arrangement and relationships of the various systemic structures (muscles, nerves, arteries, etc.) within it; and then usually continuing to study adjacent regions in an ordered sequence.
3. Regional anatomy also recognizes the body’s organization by layers: skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia covering the deeper structures of muscles, skeleton, and cavities, which contain viscera (internal organs).

Question 4

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 4

Surface anatomy is an essential part of the study of regional anatomy. It provide knowledge of what lies under the skin and what structures are perceptible to touch (palpable) in the living body at rest and in action.

Question 5

What is the use of Ophthalmoscope?

Answer 5

It used for the observation of features of the eyeballs.

Question 6

What is the use of a Stethoscope?

Answer 6

It is uesd to auscultate the hearts and lungs.

Question 7

What is Radiographic Anatomy/Radiograhic and Sectional Imaging?

Answer 7

Radiographic and sectional imaging (radiographic anatomy) provides useful information about normal structures in living individuals,
demonstrating the effect of muscle tone, body fluids and pressures, and gravity that cadaveric study does not.

Question 8

What is Diagnostic radiography?

Answer 8

It reveals the effects of trauma, pathology, ageing on normal structures.

Question 9

What is Endoscopic techniques?

Answer 9

It is using a insertable flexible fibre optic device to examine internal structures, such as the interior of the stomach.

Question 10

What is Dissection used for?

Answer 10

It is used for detailed and thorough
learning of the three-dimensional anatomy of deep structures
and their relationships.

Question 11

What is Prosections?

Answer 11

Prosections are carefully prepared dissections for the demonstration of anatomical structures.

Question 12

What is Systematic Anatomy?

Answer 12

Systemic anatomy is the study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions.

Question 13

What is the Integumentary system (dermatology)?

Answer 13

The integumentary system (dermatology) consists of the
skin (L. integumentum, a covering) and its appendages— hair, nails, and sweat glands, for example—and the subcutaneous tissue just beneath it.

Question 15

What is the skin?

Answer 15

The skin, an extensive sensory organ, forms the body’s outer, protective covering and container.

Question 16

What is subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis, superficial fascia, subcutis, tela subcutanea)?

Answer 16

Subcutaneous tissue is the innermost layer of the skin.

It’s made up œuf fat, connective tissue, nerves and larger blood vessels.

Question 17

What is the skeletal system (osteology)?

Answer 17

The skeletal system (osteology) consists of bones and cartilage; it provides our basic shape and support for the body and is what the muscular system acts on to produce
movement. It also protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and pelvic organs.