Introduction to Cog and Bio

Question 1

What are naturalists?

Answer 1

People who study nature.

Question 2

What is evolution?

Answer 2

The gradual change of a species

Question 3

What is homology?

Answer 3

A similarity based on common ancestry.

Question 4

Who developed Phrenology?

Answer 4

Franz Josef Gall (1758-1828).

Question 5

What is Phrenology seen as?

Answer 5

seen as a pseudoscience but was key to launching Psychology and Neuroscience.

Question 6

What is the Broca’s area anatomically referred to as?

Answer 6

The inferior frontal gyrus.

Question 7

What is the anatomical name for the top of the brain?

Answer 7

Dorsal

Question 8

What is the anatomical name for the bottom of the brain?

Answer 8

ventral

Question 9

What is the anatomical name for the front of the brain?

Answer 9

Anterior

Question 10

What is the anatomical name for the back of the brain?

Answer 10

Posterior

Question 11

What does Gyri mean in terms of the brain?

Answer 11

The bumps on the surface of the brain.

Question 12

What does Sulci mean in terms of the brain?

Answer 12

The folds on the surface of the brain.

Question 13

What is the frontal lobe separated from?

Answer 13

• The parietal lobe by the central sulcus.
• The temporal lobe by the lateral sulcus.

Question 14

What is the frontal lobe’s functions?

Answer 14

• Movement.
• Impulse control, judgement, language production, memory, problem solving, sexual behaviour, social behaviour.
• involved in planning, coordinating, controlling and executing behaviour

Question 15

What is the occipital lobe concerned with?

Answer 15

Visual processing.

Question 16

what is the occipital lobe separated from?

Answer 16

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 17

What is the calcarine sulcus?

Answer 17

Primary visual cortex.

Question 18

What is the temporal lobe separated from?

Answer 18

The frontal lobe by Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus).

Question 19

What is the superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 19

The primary auditory cortex.

Question 20

What is the inferior temporal gyrus important for?

Answer 20

• High level visual processing.
• Object recognition.
• Face recognition.

Question 21

What is the parietal lobe separated from?

Answer 21

The frontal lobe by the central sulcus (fissure).

Question 22

What is the parietal lobe important for?

Answer 22

• Somatosensory perception.
• Intersensory integration.
• Spatial vision.
• Spatial attention.

Question 23

What happens if the parietal lobe is lesioned?

Answer 23

Visual neglect.

Question 24

What does the cerebellum mean?

Answer 24

Little brain

Question 25

What is the cerebellum important for?

Answer 25

- Balance. - Motor planning. - Motor learning. - Eye movement control.

Question 26

What happens if the cerebellum is lesioned?

Answer 26

Movements would be jiggered.

Question 27

What was found in children who have experienced neglect?

Answer 27

They have a smaller cerebellum.

Question 28

What is the brain stem important for?

Answer 28

- Breathing. - Heartbeat. - Artery dilation. - Salivation

Question 29

What are the two main functions of the meninges and ventricular system?

Answer 29

1. Protect. 2. Nourish.

Question 30

What is the ventricular system?

Answer 30

A series of chambers filled with CSF.

Question 31

What is the axial/horizontal brain orientation?

Answer 31

Top of head to chin.

Question 32

What is the Sagittal brain orientation?

Answer 32

Ear to ear.

Question 33

What is the coronal brain orientation?

Answer 33

Eyes to the back of the head.

Question 34

What does the limbic system include?

Answer 34

Structures important for learning and memory: - Amygdala. - Hippocampus. - Olfactory bulb.

Question 35

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 35

Emotional regulation and perception of odour.

Question 36

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 36

Some forms of learning and memory.

Question 37

What is the function of the olfactory bulb?

Answer 37

Sense of smell.

Question 38

What is a Golgi stain used for?

Answer 38

Shows complexities and varieties of neurons.

Question 39

How many neurons does the brain have?

Answer 39

86 million neurons.

Question 40

What is the function of a neuron?

Answer 40

- Sends information. - Says yes or no. - Tells other neurons messages to either fire or not.

Question 41

What are the four zones a neuron has called?

Answer 41

1. Input zone. 2. Integration zone. 3. Conduction zone. 4. Output zone.

Question 42

What happens at the input zone in a neuron?

Answer 42

Receives information from other cells through dendrites.

Question 43

What happens at the integration zone in a neuron?

Answer 43

Cell body region where inputs are combined and transformed.

Question 44

What happens at the conduction zone in a neuron?

Answer 44

Single axon leads away from the cell body and transmits the electrical impulse.

Question 45

What happens at the output zone in a neuron?

Answer 45

axon terminals at the end of the axon communicate activity to the other cells.

Question 46

What is the myelin sheath's function?

Answer 46

To protect the axon.

Question 47

What is grey matter?

Answer 47

cell body

Question 48

What is white matter?

Answer 48

Myelinated axons.

Question 49

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 49

Myelin in the PNS.

Question 50

What is a Oligodendrocyte?

Answer 50

Myelin in the CNS.

Question 51

What are astrocytes' function?

Answer 51

- Nourish and support. - Scavenge at synapse.

Question 52

What is the function of Microglia?

Answer 52

- Multiply at the injury site. - Seal the area. - Garbage pickers of the nervous system.