Introduction to Cytogenetics

Question 1

Deals with the study of heredity, how organisms pass on information in their genes to create new generations of the same specie, or variation of the original.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Suggested that the physical characteristics of organisms are stored in the male semen.

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Augustinian monk

Answer 3

Gregor Mendel (Johann Mendel)

Question 4

What Gregor Mendel (Johann Mendel) used for his experiment because of its short growing period.

Answer 4

Pea Plant (Pisum Sativum)

Question 5

He observed and followed easily observable characteristics of the plant up to two generations a year.

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel (Johann Mendel)

Question 6

What year did Mendel presented his findings to the Natural History Society of Brunn

Answer 6

1865

Question 7

True or False :

During 19th century, scientist accepted the “Blending theory”

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Is an organism that makes it easy for a researcher to investigate a particular scientific question, such as how traits are inherited.

Answer 8

Model system

Question 9

True or false :

Mendel studied the inheritance of eight different features in peas, including height, flower color, seed color, and seed shape.

Answer 9

False (SEVEN different Features in peas)

Question 10

A particular trait, a pair of allele separate and only one allele passes from parent to offspring

Answer 10

The Principle of Segregation

Question 11

Describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Answer 11

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 12

Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.

Answer 12

Dominant Gene

Question 13

Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as _____, from each parent.

Answer 13

Alleles

Question 14

True or False :

If the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed, it is the dominant gene

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The effect of the other allele

Answer 15

Recessive Gene

Question 16

Other Type of Genetic Dominance :

Both alleles affect the trait additively, and the phenotype of the heterozygote shows a typical intermediate between the homozygotes, which is often referred to as a blended phenotype.

Answer 16

Incomplete Dominance/ Semi-dominance

Question 17

Other Type of Genetic Dominance :

Plants with alleles for red petals (RR) when crossed with a plant with alleles for white petals (rr) have offspring that have pink petals (Rr)

Answer 17

Co-dominance

Question 18

Other Type of Genetic Dominance :

alleles for color in carnation flowers (and many other species) exhibit incomplete dominance.

Answer 18

Co-dominance

Question 19

Other Type of Genetic Dominance :

If a child receives the A blood type from one parent and the B blood type from the other, he will be type AB

Answer 19

Mixed Dominance

Question 20

when a parent passes down a condition to a child via autosomes, a type of chromosome

Answer 20

Autosomal inheritance

Question 21

True or False :

In Recessive inheritance, a copy of a faulty gene from one parent can cause a condition in the child. The child will have 50% chance of inheriting the faulty gene.

Answer 21

False (it is Autosomal inheritance)

Question 22

These conditions stem from gene variants on the X chromosome, which determines sex.

Answer 22

X-linked Dominant

Question 23

True or False :

Males have two X chromosome, so inheriting one copy of the variant gene causes the condition.

Answer 23

False (Males have only one X chromosome)

Question 24

True or False :
In females, who have two X chromosomes, the symptoms may be less severe

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or false : Only males can pass on X-linked disorders.

Answer 25

False (Only Females)

Question 26

As with X-linked dominant, inheriting one copy of the variant gene causes the condition in males. However, in females, two copies of the variant gene are necessary to cause the condition.

Answer 26

X-linked Recessive

Question 27

These conditions stem from variants on the X chromosome, but they are not clearly dominant or recessive.

Answer 27

X-linked

Question 28

These conditions stem from variants on the Y chromosome

Answer 28

Y-linked

Question 29

True or false : Only males have a Y chromosome, so these conditions pass from a male parent to a male child.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Used the fruit fly in his research

Answer 30

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 31

What Thomas Hunt Morgan used fruit fly in his research

Answer 31

Drosophila Melanogaster

Question 32

When : Historic development was the double helix structure of DNA

Answer 32

1986

Question 33

coined the word “genetics” for the first time.

Answer 33

William Bateson

Question 34

made significant findings on genetic linkages

Answer 34

Bateson and Punnett

Question 35

used equilibrium density gradient centrifugation to conclude DNA replication is semi-conservative

Answer 35

Meselson and Stahl

Question 36

When : Meselson and Stahl used equilibrium density gradient centrifugation to conclude DNA replication is semi-conservative.

Answer 36

1958

Question 37

PCR was developed by

Answer 37

Fred Sanger

Question 38

When : PCR was developed by Fred Sanger

Answer 38

1986

Question 39

the first ever cloned animal from an adult somatic cell.

Answer 39

Dolly the sheep

Question 40

When : ”Dolly the sheep” was born, being the first ever cloned animal from an adult somatic cell.

Answer 40

1996

Question 41

was the 1st pet to be cloned.

Answer 41

Cc the Cat