Introduction to Cytogenetics and It's History Flashcards by Angelica Jane Villarica

Q

study of heredity and variation

A

genetics

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Q

it is the difference in genetic sequence

A

variation

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Q

what is the study that refers to the transmission of traits and biological aspects from one generation to another?

A

heredity

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Q

three (3) primary sources of genetic variation

A

(1) mutations
(2) sex
(3) gene flow

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Q

areas of genetics

A

(1) classical genetics
(2) molecular genetics
(3) evolutionary genetics

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Q

classical genetics is based on:

A

mendel’s law of:

(1) law of dominance
(2) law of segregation

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Q

mendel’s law

A

(1) law of dominance
(2) law of segregation
(3) law of independent assortment

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Q

molecular genetics is based on:

A

central dogma of molecular genetics

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Q

evolutionary genetics is based on:

A

natural selection by charles darwin

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

mendel’s principle

A

classical genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

structure of dna

A

molecular genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

quantitative genetics

A

evolutionary genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

meiosis and mitosis

A

classical genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

chemistry of dna

A

molecular genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

hardy-weinberg equilibrium

A

evolutionary genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

sex determination

A

classical genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

transcription

A

molecular genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

assumption of equilibrium

A

evolutionary genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

sex linkage

A

classical genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

translation

A

molecular genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

evolution

A

evolutionary genetics

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Q

matching type: areas of genetics

chromosomal mapping

Study These Flashcards

A

classical genetics

Q

matching type: areas of genetics

dna cloning and genomics

Study These Flashcards

A

molecular genetics

Q

matching type: areas of genetics

speciation

Study These Flashcards

A

evolutionary genetics

# matching type: areas of genetics cytogenetics (chromosomal changes)

classical genetics

# matching type: areas of genetics control of gene expression

molecular genetics

# matching type: areas of genetics dna mutation and repair

molecular genetics

# matching type: areas of genetics extrachromosomal inheritance

molecular genetics

# mid 1800s discoveries the theory of evolution by natural selection

the origin of species

# mid 1800s discoveries published the origin of species, where theory requires heredity to work

charles darwin (1859)

# mid 1800s discoveries published experiments in plant hybridzations, which lays out the basic theory of genetics

gregor mendel (1866)

# mid 1800s discoveries isolated nucleic acid from pus cells

friedrich miescher (1869)

# mid 1800s discoveries proved that the genetic material is needed located in the nucleus

ernst haeckel (1871)

# major events in the 20th century rediscovery of mendel's work

carl correns, hugo de vries, and erich von tschermak (1900)

# major events in the 20th century discovered that alkaptonuria is a genetic human disease

archibald garrod (1902)

# major events in the 20th century coined "gene"

wilhelm johannsen (1902)

# major events in the 20th century - discovered linkage between genes - coined "genetics"

william bateson (1904)

# major events in the 20th century - discovered the science of genetic linkage - coined "epistasis"

reginald punnett & william bateson (1910)

# more 20th century events - proved that genes are located in chromosomes through fruit flies (drosophilia) - first discovered chromosomal differences between a male and a female

thomas hunt morgan (1910)

# more 20th century events - began the study of quantitative genetics by partioning phenotypic variance into a genetic and an environmental component

ra fisher (1918)

# more 20th century events showed x-ray mutations through fruit flies

hermann j. muller (1926)

# more 20th century events - showed that dna can transform bacteria, demonstrating dna is the hereditary material

oswald avery, colin macleod, and maclyn mccarty (1944)

# more 20th century events determine the structure of dna molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates

james watson and francis crick (1953)

# more 20th century events solves the genetic code, showing the 3 dna base codes for one amino acid

marshall nirenberg (1966)

# more 20th century events dna base codes for one amino acid

a - adenine c - cytosine g - guanine u - uracil

# more 20th century events - an enzyme found in retroviruses used in cloning genes - makes dna and rna template

reverse transcriptase (1970)

# more 20th century events first to create a recombinant dna molecule

paul berg (1972)

# more 20th century events combined the dna from two different species in vitro then transforming it into bacterial cell (first cloning)

stanley cohen and herbery boyer (1972)

# more 20th century events introduced the process of sequencing the genome of a bacteriophage

frederick sanger (1977)

# more 20th century events invented the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

kary mullis (1983)

# more 20th century events to sequence and map the genome of man

the human genome project (1990)

# more 20th century events successfully cloned dolly the sheep

ian wilmut and keith campbell (1996)

# more 20th century events sequence of the entire human genome

2003