Introduction to Dermatology

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the body?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

Which adnexal structures does the skin contain?

Answer 2

Hair
Nails
Gland
Sensory structures

Question 3

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 4

What does the sub cutis - hypodermis consist of?

Answer 4

Fat

Question 5

How does the epidermis receive its nutrients?

Answer 5

By diffusion

Not blood vessels

Question 6

What is the purpose of the cuticle?

Answer 6

To protect the nail matrix from getting infected

Question 7

What are the 3 phases of the hair cycle?

Answer 7

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

Question 8

What is the anogen phase of hair cycle?

Answer 8

Active growing phase

80-90% of hairs growing at any one time

Question 9

What is the catogen phase?

Answer 9

Short phase

Where the growth stops and the follicle shrinks

Question 10

What is the telogen phase of the hair cycle?

Answer 10

Resting hair phase

Up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp

Question 11

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 11

Themoregulation 
Skin immune system 
Sensation 
Barrier 
Vitamin D synthesis 
Interpersonal communication

Question 12

What stimuli does the skin detect?

Answer 12

Temperature
Touch
Pain

Question 13

Are alot of people seen by a dermatologist?

Answer 13

Small percentage

Question 14

What are the 2 classes of skin disease?

Answer 14

External

Internal

Question 15

What are some external causes of skin disease?

Answer 15

Temperature 
UV 
Chemicals 
Infection 
Trauma

Question 16

What are some internal causes of skin disease?

Answer 16

Systemic disease
Genetics
Drugs
Infection

Question 17

What is photosensitivity?

Answer 17

An immune reaction triggered by sunlight

Question 18

What are some examples of skin problems caused by temperature?

Answer 18

Frost bite
Chillblains
Skin necrosis

Question 19

What is dermatitis artefacta?

Answer 19

Condition in which skin trauma is induced by the person themselves

Question 20

Describe a macule?

Answer 20

Small circumscribed area - no texture

Not raised

Question 21

Describe a patch?

Answer 21

Larger circumscribed area
No texture
Not raised

Question 22

Describe a papule?

Answer 22

Small raised area of skin

Question 23

Describe a plaque?

Answer 23

Large raised area of skin

Question 24

Describe a vesicle?

Answer 24

Small fluid filed

Question 25

Describe a bulla?

Answer 25

Large fluid filled

Question 26

Describe a postule

Answer 26

Small pus filled

Question 27

Describe an abscess

Answer 27

Large pus filled

Question 28

Describe an erosion

Answer 28

Loss of epidermis

Question 29

Describe an ulcer

Answer 29

Loss of epidermis and dermis

Question 30

What are the most common skin conditions?

Answer 30

``` Acne Psoriasis Rosacea Skin lesions Urticaria Leg ulcers Scalp/nail disorders Eczema Infections ```

Question 31

What causes eruptive Xanthoma?

Answer 31

Hyperlipidaemia | Abnormal lipidmetabolism

Question 32

What investigations should be done for a suspected bacterial infection?

Answer 32

Charcoal swab ask for: Microscopy Culture Sensitivities

Question 33

What is the primary investigation for cellulitis?

Answer 33

Blood culture

Question 34

What investigations should be done for viral infection?

Answer 34

Viral swab for PCR

Question 35

What are the investigations for fungal infection?

Answer 35

Skin scraping Nail clipping Hair sample Fungal cultures

Question 36

What is the simple way to take a skin biopsy?

Answer 36

Punch biopsy

Question 37

What does distribution refer to?

Answer 37

How the skin lesions are scattered or spread out