Introduction to Earthquake Hazards Flashcards by Xeovyn Locked In 4 Lyf

[ Identification ]

It is the sudden movement of the ground that releases energy stored in rocks and generates seismic waves.

Earthquake

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

These ______ waves move outward from the “_____” and vibrate the ground.

These seismic waves move outward from the “source” and vibrate the ground.

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[ Identification ]

Usually form along faults, which are fractures on Earth’s crust where rocks on one side of the break moves past the rocks on the other side.

Earthquake

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[ Identification ]

The spot where the earthquake began.

Focus

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[ Identification ]

The point on Earth’s surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Epicenter

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[ Identification ]

A measure of EQsize
Describes the total energy released by the earthquake in the form of the seismic waves.

Magnitude

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[ Identification ]

The energy released by an earthquake at the focus.

Magnitude

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

_______ _____ is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source.

Earthquake size is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source.

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

Magnitude is calculated from earthquakes recorded by an instrument called ________.

Magnitude is calculated from earthquakes recorded by an instrument called seismograph.

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[ Identification ]

It is the degree/strength of shaking caused by an earthquake and decreases with distance from the origin.

Intensity

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[ Identification ]

It is the strength of an earthquake perceived and felt by people in a certain locality.

It is generally higher near the epicenter.

Intensity

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

The severity of earthquake shaking is assessed using a _______ scale.

The severity of earthquake shaking is assessed using a descriptive scale.

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

_________ - seismographs

_______________ - how strong is the effect / intensity

RICHTER SCALE- seismographs

MODIFIED MERCALI INTENSITY SCALE - how strong is the effect / intensity

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[ Identification ]

He noticed that some of the boundaries of continents seem to fit into the boundaries of other continents.

Dutch Abraham (Late 1500s) (Cartographer)

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[ Identification ]

He built on Dutch Abraham’s idea in coming up on his theory of continental drift.

He noticed that real edges of continent, including the shallow submerged continental shelves were considered, the puzzle would fit perfectly.

Alfred Wegener

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[ Identification ]

In 1960s, him and an officer of the United States Navy during World War II suggested that the ocean floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that carry the continents.

Harry Hess (Geologist)

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What is the speed of the continental drift?

2.5 cm per year

11 cm per year (Global Positioning System)

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[ Identification ]

It is an area where tectonic plates converge.
It is also an area where tsunamis originate.

Subduction Areas

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[ Identification: Convergent Boundaries ]

Destructive EQ
Rapid uplift of mountain
Volcanic arc

These are formed from…

Oceanic - Continental

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[ Identification: Convergent Boundaries ]

Trenches
Volcanic arc

These are formed from…

Oceanic - Oceanic

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[ Identification: Convergent Boundaries ]

Mountain range

This is formed from…

Continental - Continental

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[ Fill in the blanks ]

The Philippines is situated close to subduction zone created by the boundary between the _______ plate and _______ plate. This boundary resulted in the number of active faults in our country.

The Philippines is situated close to subduction zone created by the boundary between the Philippine plate and Eurasian plate. This boundary resulted in the number of active faults in our country.

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[ Identification ]

This study has the following objectives:

Evaluate seismic hazards, damages, and vulnerability of Metro Manila
Prepare framework of master plan for earthquake disaster management.

Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS)

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[ True or False ]

The West Valley Fault (WVF) movement is mainly vertical.

Study These Flashcards

False

The West Valley Fault (WVF) movement is mainly horizontal.

[ True or False ] West Valley Fault movement interval is 400 years.

True

[ Fill in the blanks ] The last major earthquake from the valley fault system happened in _____.

1658

What is the estimated magnitude of The Big One?

7.2

[ Identification: Operation Metro Yakal ] Where is the evacuation area of those in the North Quadrant? North Quadrant: - Valenzuela - Caloocan - QC - Mandaluyong - San Juan

Veterans Golf Course

[ Identification: Operation Metro Yakal ] Where is the evacuation area of those in the East Quadrant? East Quadrant: - Pasig - Marikina

Philsport Arena

[ Identification: Operation Metro Yakal ] Where is the evacuation area of those in the South Quadrant? South Quadrant: - Makati - Pasay - Pateros - Taguig - Paranaque - Las Pinas - Muntinlupa

Vilamor Golf Course

[ Identification: Operation Metro Yakal ] Where is the evacuation area of those in the West Quadrant? West Quadrant: - Malabon - Navotas - Manila

Intramuros Golf Course

[ Which quadrant do these places belong to? ] - Valenzuela - Caloocan - QC - Mandaluyong - San Juan

North Quadrant

[ Which quadrant do these places belong to? ] - Pasig - Marikina

East Quadrant

[ Which quadrant do these places belong to? ] - Makati - Pasay - Pateros - Taguig - Paranaque - Las Pinas - Muntinlupa

South Quadrant

[ Which quadrant do these places belong to? ] - Malabon - Navotas - Manila

West Quadrant

[ Identification ] These can be anything that includes a physical phenomenon associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities.

Earthquake Hazards

[ Fill in the blanks ] _____ are measured in terms of units of energy and strength of the shaking. ______ is measured in fatalities or amount of damage.

**Hazards** are measured in terms of units of energy and strength of the shaking. **Risk** is measured in fatalities or amount of damage.

[ Identification ] These are anything that can be moved, fall off, or be toppled when the ground starts to shake and cause emotional and physical pain.

Earthquake Hazards

[ What are these? ] 1. Ground Shaking 2. Landslide 3. Liquefaction 4. Surface Rupture

Primary Earthquake Hazards

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] Describes as the vibration of the ground when an earthquake occurs, usually recorded in terms of intensity.

Ground Shaking

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] Can be seen as both a hazard created by earthquakes, and a trigger for other hazard such as liquefaction and landslide.

Ground Shaking

[ True or False ] Most of the damage from earthquakes is the result from the shaking caused by seismic waves passing beneath roads, building, bridges, and other structures.

True

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] It includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock fall, rock slide, debris slide, and shallow debris flow.

Landslide

[ Fill in the blanks ] ______ _______ and ______ _______ greatly increases the likelihood of landslide in areas susceptible to ground failure. If the grounds are saturated with water, the shaking will result in more landslides.

**Strong earthquake** and **ground shaking** greatly increases the likelihood of landslide in areas susceptible to ground failure. If the grounds are saturated with water, the shaking will result in more landslides.

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] Occurs when sand or soil and ground water are mixed during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake. When the two are mixed, the ground becomes very soft and exhibits properties similar to that of a quicksand.

Liquefaction

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] It is a hazard in areas that have groundwater close to the surface and have soil which is sandy. Has been identified as responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the world.

Liquefaction

[ Fill in the blanks ] _______ _____ will force open grounds cracks in order to escape to the surface. This ejected material often results in flooding and may leave cavities in the soil.

**Liquefied soil** will force open grounds cracks in order to escape to the surface. This ejected material often results in flooding and may leave cavities in the soil.

[ Identification: Primary Earthquake Hazards ] An offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the surface. When an earthquake event occurs, it happens only at the area where the fault zone moves.

Surface Rupture

[ Fill in the blanks ] _____ ______ is not a single line with a fixed width, but a zone with variable width where fractures have developed. These areas are called _______ ______.

**Surface rupture** is not a single line with a fixed width, but a zone with variable width where fractures have developed. These areas are called **deformation zones**.

[ Fill in the blanks ] PHIVOLCS recommends a ____-meter buffer zone from the edge of the deformation zone for building structures.

PHIVOLCS recommends a **five**-meter buffer zone from the edge of the deformation zone for building structures.

[ Identification ] These are the direct result of the movement of the ground.

Primary Earthquake Hazards

[ Identification ] These are the results of the primary earthquake hazards, which can prove to be more catastrophic.

Secondary Earthquake Hazards

[ What are these? ] 1. Tsunami 2. Seiche 3. Flooding 4. Fire

Secondary Earthquake Hazards

[ Identification: Secondary Earthquake Hazards ] Destructive waves caused by undersea earthquakes. These are mostly generated by shallow, great earthquakes (7.5 magnitude) at subductions zones.

Tsunami

[ Fill in the blanks ] Tsunami can reach ___ in land.

Tsunami can reach **2-3 km** in land.

[ Identification: Secondary Earthquake Hazards ] A standing wave in an enclosed or partially-enclosed body of water.

Sieche

[ Identification: Secondary Earthquake Hazards ] It is extremely dangerous and has a potential to wipe away an entire city, coastline, or area and cause extensive damage to life and property. It also has a great erosive power and can be extremely destructive, even it if is a foot high.

Flood

[ Identification: Secondary Earthquake Hazards ] It has been a possibility of breaking out after an earthquake.

Fire

Introduction to Earthquake Hazards Flashcards

(58 cards)