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Biology Per. 6 > Introduction to ecology > Flashcards

Introduction to ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of relationships between two organisms and between an organism and its environment.

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2
Q

What is the first characteristic of life?

A

Be composed of one (unicellular) or more cells (multicellular).

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3
Q

What type of genetic material do all organisms contain?

A

Either DNA or RNA.

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4
Q

Give an example of a response to a stimulus.

A

Sunflowers tend to grow facing east towards the sunrise.

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5
Q

Can individual organisms evolve?

A

No, only populations can evolve.

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6
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All of the chemical reactions of each cell in an organism that provide energy for life’s processes and create key molecules.

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7
Q

What is an organism in ecological organization?

A

An individual member of a species or population.

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8
Q

Define a population.

A

Multiple organisms of the same species living together.

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9
Q

What is a community in ecological terms?

A

Multiple populations of different species living together.

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10
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Community plus all of the abiotic factors in the environment.

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11
Q

Define a biome.

A

Multiple ecosystems that share similar characteristics but are located in different parts of the planet.

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12
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The zone of life on Earth, encompassing all of Earth’s ecosystems.

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13
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of organisms considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystems.

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14
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The field of biology that classifies organisms based on similar characteristics.

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15
Q

List the levels of organization in life.

A
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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16
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

A two-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names organisms after their two most specific classification levels: Genus species.

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17
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

A diagram that shows the relatedness of organisms.

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18
Q

What does a dichotomous key do?

A

It is a tool used for identifying organisms based on their characteristics.

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19
Q

How many characteristics of life are there?

A

Seven

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Be composed of one or more cells; Contain RNA or DNA; Be capable of growth; Be capable of Reproduction; Respond to outside stimuli; Be able to adapt an evolve as a population; Have a metabolism

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21
Q

I’m frozen most of the year, my soil’s locked up tight.
No trees in sight, just moss and light.
My creatures are tough and brave the chill-
Arctic foxes and caribou have survival skill.
What Biome am I?

A

Tundra

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22
Q

I go through all the seasons four, My trees drop leaves and grow some more.
Deer and foxes love my shade- I’m where kids jump in leaves they’ve raked
What Biome am I?

A

Temperate Deciduous Forest

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23
Q

My winters are long, my trees are tall, They keep their needles through snow and all. Bears nap here, moose run free-
I’m cold and quiet, with lots of trees.
What Biome am I?

A

Taiga (Boreal Forest)

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24
Q

My days are hot, my nights are cold, My rainfall’s rare, my soil is bold. Cactus stand lizards dash- Life survives in a sandy flash.
What Biome am I?

A

Desert

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25
I live above the trees so high, Where mountain goats climb to touch the sky. My air is thin, my nights are cold- But I've got views worth more than gold. What Biome am I?
Alpine
26
I drip and steam beneath the trees, With vines and bugs and chimpanzees. My biodiversity is truly grand- More species live here then in any other land. What Biome am I?
Tropical Rainforest
27
I'm underwater and bursting with hues, Home to fish in reds, greens, and blues, My "bones" are alive and build over time- I'm fragile but dazzling, in warm-water climes. What Biome am I?
Coral Reef
28
I stretch so deep, I have no floor- Just open water forevermore. Whales and tuna pass me by, and sunlight fades the deeper you dive. What Biome am I?
Ocean
29
My rolling fields stretch far and wide, With grasses waving side to side. I'm not too dry, and not too wet- You'll see bison, prairie dogs, and sunsets you won't forget. What Biome am I?
Grassland
30
I'm grassy too, but don't confuse- I live with lions and zebras snooze. My trees are few and spread out wide, Where elephants and fires both reside. What Biome am I?
Savanna
31
I rain a lot but I'm not too hot, With mossy trees in a foggy spot. I"m cool and lush, with woodland feel- Where ferns and fungi make every meal. What Biome am I?
Temperate Rainforest
32
I'm dry in summer, wet in fall- Shrubs and bushes line my hall. Fires help me start a new, I'm found where olives and foxes grew. What Biome am I?
Chaparral
33
34
What is the water cycle?
The process by which water is cycled in the Earth and atmosphere ## Footnote The water cycle includes evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
35
What materials are recycled in the living world?
Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen ## Footnote These materials provide the building blocks for future organisms.
36
Why is the water cycle important?
It maintains habitats, internal fluids and transport systems, and is needed for chemical reactions like digestion and photosynthesis ## Footnote The water cycle is crucial for sustaining life on Earth.
37
What percentage of Earth's water is found in the oceans?
97% ## Footnote This makes oceans the largest reservoir of water on Earth.
38
What percentage of freshwater is frozen in glaciers?
2% ## Footnote The majority of Earth's freshwater is locked in ice.
39
Where is water found on Earth?
On the Earth's surface, under the Earth’s surface, in the atmosphere, in living organisms ## Footnote Includes oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, aquifers, and atmospheric moisture.
40
What drives the water cycle?
The sun ## Footnote The sun causes evaporation from reservoirs and organisms, initiating the cycle.
41
Fill in the blank: The water cycle is driven by the _______.
sun ## Footnote The sun's energy is essential for the evaporation process.
42
43
What is the carbon cycle?
The process of cycling carbon through the bio-, geo-, atmo-, and hydrospheres.
44
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which atmospheric CO2 is converted into glucose by plants.
45
What happens to carbon when a plant is eaten by an animal?
It is incorporated into the animal (assimilation) or excreted as waste.
46
Fill in the blank: Sugars like glucose can be broken down to CO2 by _______.
respiration
47
True or False: Respiration occurs only in animals.
False
48
What role do microbes play in the carbon cycle?
They decompose animal waste and dead organisms, releasing carbon as CO2.
49
What happens to carbon in dead organisms and waste that are not completely decomposed?
It can form fossil fuels.
50
What is combustion in the context of the carbon cycle?
The burning of fossil fuels, converting carbon into atmospheric CO2 and water.
51
How can CO2 dissolve in water?
Through the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3).
52
What are carbon sinks?
Entities that absorb more carbon from the atmosphere than they release.
53
What are the main carbon sinks?
* Oceans * Forests * Soils
54
What are carbon stores?
Things that maintain a constant amount of carbon.
55
What are the main carbon stores?
* Atmosphere * Sediments * Rocks
56
How do acid rain and carbonate rocks interact?
Acid rain reacts with carbonate rocks like limestone to produce carbon dioxide.
57
Why are oceans considered carbon sinks?
Aquatic plankton use dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and their remains sink to form sedimentary rock.
58
What is the significance of the carbon cycle?
* Recycles carbon between atmosphere, organisms, oceans, and soil * Supports life by making carbon available for essential molecules * Regulates Earth’s climate * Maintains ecosystem balance * Provides energy through fossil fuels
59
What is the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle?
They break down dead leaves, respiring and releasing carbon as carbon dioxide.
60
What is produced by photosynthesis in plants?
Glucose, which is used to make cellulose for cell walls.
61
What happens to the bodies of dead aquatic organisms?
They sink to the ocean floor and contribute to the formation of carbonate rock over time.

Biology Per. 6 (1 decks)

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