Introduction to EKGs

Question 1

The ___ dominates the visual view while the ___ dominates the electrical view

Answer 1

RV, LV

Question 2

The heart is in the ____ of the sternum

Answer 2

Lower 1/2

Question 3

Blood contains

Answer 3

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, Plasma

Question 4

Describe the direction of blood flow

Answer 4

Vena Cava, Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body, repeat

Question 5

The atria have ____ walls while the ventricles are ____ walled

Answer 5

Thin, Thick

Question 6

How much atrial blood flow is passive?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

What are valves made of

Answer 7

dense CT and endocardium

Question 8

Purpose of the valves

Answer 8

Prevent backflow

Question 9

The right AV valve is called the

Answer 9

Tricuspid valve

Question 10

The left AV valve is called the

Answer 10

Mitral or bicuspid valve

Question 11

The first phase of the cardiac cycle is

Answer 11

Diastolic filling

Question 12

The active phase of the heart is called

Answer 12

Systole

Question 13

How many layers does the pericardium have

Answer 13

Three. The fibrous, Serous, and Pericardial

Question 14

The heart wall is comprised of

Answer 14

Epicardium, Myocardium, and endocardium

Question 15

What allows for spontaneous contraction of the heart

Answer 15

Autorhythmic cells, Cell to cell transmission, and Antitetanic

Question 16

What are the two key cell types in the heart

Answer 16

Autorhythmic and Contractile

Question 17

RMP of autorhythmic cells

Answer 17

-60

Question 18

Describe RMP of autorhythmic cells

Answer 18

Net Na+ influx is greater than net K+ efflux.

Question 19

True or false: Cardiac and skeletal muscle require extracellular Ca2+ to contract

Answer 19

False. Only cardiac muscle needs extracellular Ca2+

Question 20

what does extracellular Ca2+ do for cardiac muscle

Answer 20

Induces SR release of Ca2+

Question 21

Chronotropic

Answer 21

Time of contraction

Question 22

Ionotropic

Answer 22

Force of contraction

Question 23

Dromotropic

Answer 23

AV conduction

Question 24

Lusitropic

Answer 24

Relaxation

Question 25

Where is the hearts conduction system located

Answer 25

The heart walls

Question 26

Atrial cells are innervated by

Answer 26

direct cell to cell contact

Question 27

Myocardial cells are innervated by

Answer 27

the Purkinje system

Question 28

The pacemaker of the heart is

Answer 28

The SA node

Question 29

Where is the SA node located

Answer 29

The right atrium

Question 30

List the internodal pathways

Answer 30

Anterior, Middle, Posterior-Posterolateral

Question 31

Main function of the AV node

Answer 31

Delay conduction from the atria to the ventricles to allow for the atria to empty

Question 32

The AV node is supplied by the

Answer 32

right coronary artery

Question 33

The only route of communication between the atria and ventricles is called

Answer 33

The bundle of His

Question 34

What supplies the Bundle of His

Answer 34

Left anterior descending and Posterior descending artery

Question 35

What's the first bundle branch to depolarize

Answer 35

Left bundle branch

Question 36

How many fascicles does the left bundle branch have

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Left anterior fascicle is ___ stranded and innervates the ___

Answer 37

ingle, anterior/superior aspects of LV

Question 38

Left posterior fascicle is a _____ like structure that innervates

Answer 38

Fan, posterior/Inferior aspects of LV

Question 39

Why is the left posterior fascicle hard to block

Answer 39

It is widely distributed

Question 40

Left mid septal fascicle is found in ___ percent of humans innervates the ___

Answer 40

85, Mid septal area

Question 41

Where does the left mid septal fascicle rise from?

Answer 41

The LBB generally but may rise from another fascicle

Question 42

The right bundle branch innervates the

Answer 42

RV and interventricular septum

Question 43

Where are the Purkinje cells located

Answer 43

Endocardium

Question 44

What do Purkinje cells innervate

Answer 44

Myocardial cells

Question 45

SA node inherent pace is

Answer 45

60-100

Question 46

Atrial cells inherent pace is

Answer 46

60-80

Question 47

The Junction's inherent pace is

Answer 47

40-60

Question 48

The ventricles inherent pace is

Answer 48

20-40

Question 49

A vector represents

Answer 49

The sum total of energy and its direction

Question 50

The final vector

Answer 50

is the electrical axis of the heart

Question 51

An upwards wave results from

Answer 51

An impulse moving toward an electrode

Question 52

Inferior leads

Answer 52

II, III, aVF

Question 53

Lateral leads

Answer 53

I, aVL, V6, V5

Question 54

Septal leads

Answer 54

V1, V2

Question 55

Anterior leads

Answer 55

V3, V4

Question 56

What direction does aVR look in

Answer 56

Fuck you thats what direction

Question 57

Where is V1 placed

Answer 57

4th intercostal space, R sternal border

Question 58

Where is V2 placed

Answer 58

4th intercostal space, L sternal border

Question 59

Where is V3 placed

Answer 59

Midway between V2 and V4

Question 60

Where is V4 placed

Answer 60

5th intercostal mid-clavicular line

Question 61

Where is V5 placed

Answer 61

Anterior axillary line

Question 62

Where is V6 placed

Answer 62

Mid axillary line

Question 63

What is the rhyme to remember limb lead placement in adults

Answer 63

Red heart on the left, smoke over fire. Clouds over fields.

Question 64

All limb leads should be how far from the heart?

Answer 64

10 cm

Question 65

EKG height is measured in

Answer 65

millimeters

Question 66

EKG width is measured in

Answer 66

Milliseconds

Question 67

A small box on an ekg is

Answer 67

0.04 seconds

Question 68

A big box on an EKG is worth

Answer 68

0.2 seconds

Question 69

A Q wave is significant if

Answer 69

0.03 seconds or wider, height equal to or greater than 1/3 height of the R wave, Indication of MI

Question 70

The ST segment begins at

Answer 70

the J point

Question 71

A normal QT interval lasts

Answer 71

less than 1/2 the R-R